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Akhenaten
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Akhenaten

Akhenaten (r. 1353-1336 BCE) was a pharaoh of 18th Dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt. He is also known as 'Akhenaton' or 'Ikhnaton' and also 'Khuenaten', all of which are translated to mean 'successful for' or 'of great use to' the god...
Pharaoh Akhenaten, Cairo Museum
Image by John Bodsworth

Pharaoh Akhenaten, Cairo Museum

A small bust of Akhenaten (r. 1353-1336 BCE), pharaoh of Egypt in the 18th Dynasty. He is wearing the crown of Egypt. Cairo Museum.
Queen Ankhnes-meryre II & Pharaoh Pepi II
Image by Nicole Lesar

Queen Ankhnes-meryre II & Pharaoh Pepi II

This alabaster statue of Pharaoh Pepi II (2284 - c. 2216 BCE) and his mother, is one of the more famous representations of the two because the statue technically has two “front” sides. By placing Pepi II and his mother in opposite directions...
Conflict Between the Temple and the Crown in Ancient Egypt
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Conflict Between the Temple and the Crown in Ancient Egypt

The gods of ancient Egypt were worshipped as the creators and sustainers of all life. People acknowledged their supremacy and intimacy daily through rituals, amulets, and their labor for the king. Everyone, from farmers to craftsmen to merchants...
Pharaoh Niuserre
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Pharaoh Niuserre

Calcite double statue of the Egyptian pharaoh Niuserre (also written Nyuserre Ini, Neuserre Izi, or Niuserre Isi). He stands and strides. The pharaoh is depicted as an old man and a young man. From modern-day Egypt. Old Kingdom, 5th Dynasty...
Pharaoh, Book of the Dead
Image by Mark Cartwright

Pharaoh, Book of the Dead

A detail from the Book of the Dead of Tayesnakht from Thebes, Ptolemaic Period, 332-30 BCE. Pharaohs often wore two crowns to signify the unification of Lower and Upper Egypt. (Egyptian Museum, Turin)
Ergamenes
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ergamenes

King Ergamenes (also known as King Arkamani I, r. 295-275 BCE) was the greatest king of the city of Meroe, Kingdom of Kush (located in modern-day Sudan) who broke free from Egyptian dominance to help direct a wholly distinct culture. The...
Bust of Alexander as Pharaoh
Image by Metropolitan Museum of Art

Bust of Alexander as Pharaoh

Copper alloy bust of Alexander wearing a nemes headdress. From Egypt, c. 150 BCE to 200 CE. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Seshat
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Seshat

Seshat (also given as Sefkhet-Abwy and Seshet) is the Egyptian goddess of the written word. Her name literally means "female scribe" and she is regularly depicted as a woman wearing a leopard skin draped over her robe with a headdress of...
Pharaoh Khufu
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Pharaoh Khufu

Limestone head from a statuette of the Egyptian pharaoh Khufu (Kheops). From modern-day Egypt. Old Kingdom, 4th Dynasty, circa 2600 BCE. (State Museum of Egyptian Art, Munich, Germany).
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