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Edward the Confessor
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Edward the Confessor

Edward the Confessor, also known as Saint Edward the Confessor, reigned as king of England from 1042 to 1066 CE. Edward was reliant on the powerful Godwine (aka Godwin) family to keep his kingdom together but his achievements included a relatively...
Michel Foucault
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Michel Foucault

Michel Foucault (1926-1984) was a post-modernist French philosopher and is considered one of the most influential philosophers of modern times. Aside from his critiques of social institutions, his influence can be seen in both the humanities...
Manuel I Komnenos
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Manuel I Komnenos

Manuel I Komnenos was emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 1143 to 1180 CE. Manuel continued the ambitious campaigns of his grandfather Alexios I and father John II to aggressively expand the boundaries of his empire. Manuel turned out to...
Odo of Bayeux
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Odo of Bayeux

Odo of Bayeux (d. 1097 CE) was the bishop of Bayeux in Normandy and half-brother of William the Conqueror (r. 1066-1087 CE). After the Norman conquest of England in 1066 CE, Odo was given vast Anglo-Saxon estates and made, as the Earl of...
John II Komnenos
Definition by Mark Cartwright

John II Komnenos

John II Komnenos “the Handsome” was emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 1118 CE to 1143 CE. John, almost constantly on campaign throughout his reign, would continue the military successes of his father Alexios I with significant victories...
Guntram I of Orléans
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Guntram I of Orléans

Guntram I (also given as Gontrand, Gunthram, or Gunthchramn) was a Merovingian king who ruled over the Frankish kingdom of Orléans, later referred to as Burgundy, from 561 to 592. He often took on the role of mediator in the disputes between...
David II of Scotland
Definition by Mark Cartwright

David II of Scotland

David II of Scotland ruled as king from 1329 to 1371 CE. Succeeding his father Robert the Bruce (r. 1306-1329 CE) when still a child, his early reign was threatened by the pretender Edward Balliol (c. 1283-1364 CE), son of King John Balliol...
Artemis / Diana
Image by Timothy Tolle

Artemis / Diana

Statue of Artemis (Greek) or Diana (Roman), known as Diane de Versailles, France. Roman copy, 1st or 2nd century CE, of lost Greek bronze attributed to Leochares, c. 325 BCE. Musee du Louvre, Paris.
Transfiguration of Christ
Image by Sailko

Transfiguration of Christ

Transfiguration of Christ, painting by Fra Angelico, photograph by Sailko, Florence, 22 July, 2009. This fresco painted by Fra Angelico in Cell 6 at the Convent of San Marco in Florence, now the San Marco Museum, shows Christ standing on...
Women in the Middle Ages
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Women in the Middle Ages

The lives of women in the Middle Ages were determined by the Church and the aristocracy. The medieval Church provided the 'big picture' of the meaning of life and one's place while the aristocracy ensured that everyone stayed in their respective...
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