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Charles Gravier, count of Vergennes
A painting portraying Charles Gravier, count of Vergennes, State minister of Foreign Affairs (1717-1787). Oil on canvas painting, by Antoine-François Callet (1741-1823). From the Palace of Versailles collection.

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Charles Henri Hector, Comte d'Estaing
Charles Henri Hector, comte d'Estaing (1729-1794). D'Estaing commanded a French fleet during the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783) and participated in the Battle of Rhode Island (1778) and the Siege of Savannah (1779). His loyalty to...

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Portrait of Charles-Alexandre de Calonne
Portrait of Charles-Alexandre de Calonne (1734-1802), Controller-General under King Louis XVI of France, oil on canvas, painted by Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun, 1784.
Royal Collection of the British royal family.

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General Charles Lee
General Charles Lee, American Revolutionary War general. Illustration from page 92 of Geschichte der kriege in und ausser Europa by Christoph Heinrich, Korn. Nürnberg : G.N. Raspe, 1776-84. Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division...

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Charles II and the English Restoration (The Stuarts: Part Three)
http://www.tomrichey.net/euro Soon after the death of Oliver Cromwell, the Commonwealth government collapsed and Charles II, the son of the executed Charles I, was invited to return to England and restore the monarchy. Charles II, known...

Definition
Eridu Genesis
The Sumerian Flood Story (also known as the Eridu Genesis, The Flood Story, Sumerian Creation Myth, Sumerian Deluge Myth) is the oldest Mesopotamian text relating the tale of the Great Flood which would appear in later works such as the Atrahasis...

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English Civil Wars
The English Civil Wars (1642-1651) witnessed a bitter conflict between Royalists ('Cavaliers') and Parliamentarians ('Roundheads'). The Royalists supported first King Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649) and then his son Charles II, while...

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War of the Fifth Coalition
The War of the Fifth Coalition (1809) was a major conflict of the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815) that was fought primarily in Central Europe between the First French Empire and its client states against the Austrian Empire, supported by the...

Article
Causes of the Hundred Years' War
The Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) was an intermittent conflict fought between England and France that started when king Edward III of England (r. 1327-1377) squabbled with Philip VI of France (r. 1328-1350) over feudal rights concerning...

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Joan of Arc
Joan of Arc (Jeanne D'Arc, l. c. 1412-1431 CE) was a medieval peasant who, claiming to receive visions from God, turned the tide of the Hundred Years' War in favor of a French victory. She was famously martyrd for standing by her claim of...