Berlin: Did you mean...?

Reinhard Heydrich (1904-1942) was a lieutenant-general in the Nazi SS organisation, Gestapo chief, and head of Reich security. A favourite of Adolf Hitler (1889-1945), Heydrich controlled all police activity in the Third Reich and was instrumental...

The Night of the Long Knives (aka Blood Purge or Röhm-Putsch) of 30 June 1934 was a purge of the Nazi Sturmabteilung (SA) paramilitary group which continued through 1 and 2 July. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945), wary of the growing power of the...

The Beer Hall Putsch or Munich Putsch was a failed attempt by the German National Socialist (Nazi) Party to seize power, first of the Bavarian and then the German federal government on 8-9 November 1923. The coup, led by Adolf Hitler (1889-1945...

The Treaties of Tilsit were two peace treaties signed in July 1807 by Emperor Napoleon I of France (r. 1804-1814; 1815) and the monarchs of Russia and Prussia in the aftermath of the Battle of Friedland. The treaties ended the War of the...

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) was a German polymath who became well-known across Europe for his work, particularly in the fields of science, mathematics, and philosophy. Leibniz's rationalist philosophy attempted to reconcile traditional...

Frederick the Great Playing the Flute at Sanssouci, painting by Adolph von Menzel, Berlin, c. 1850. Frederick the Great was known for both his martial stratagem and his patronage of the arts. An avid flute player, he would often host concerts...

A view of the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, a memorial in Berlin to the Jewish victims of the Holocaust (1941-1945), from the Ministergärten. Designed by New York architect Peter Eisenman, the memorial covers 19,000 square metres...

Sophie Charlotte Princess of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, Queen in Prussia, oil on canvas by Noël Jouvenet, 17th century. Charlottenburg Palace, Berlin. Stiftung Preußische Schlösser und Gärten Berlin-Brandenburg & Handrick, Roland (1999)

The consequences of the Second World War (1939-45) were many and varied. Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and military-dominated Japan were all defeated. Many occupied countries were liberated and regained their freedom while others were obliged...

In his epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey, the Greek poet Homer (c. 750 BCE) told the story of the Trojan War, a ten-year siege of the city of Troy by an alliance of Greek city-states. Troy was also known by its Latinised name of Ilium...