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Gold Octadrachm of Ptolemy II & Arsinoe II
Image by The British Museum

Gold Octadrachm of Ptolemy II & Arsinoe II

This massive gold coin weighing approximately 27.7-8 grams was known as an octadrachm (equivalent in worth to 8 drachmae). Under the Ptolemies, mints in cities like Alexandria and Ptolemais produced ever larger denominations in gold, silver...
Ptolemy II Before Arsinoe II
Image by British Museum

Ptolemy II Before Arsinoe II

Limestone relief from the Chapel of Ptolemy II at Tanis in the Nile Delta representing Ptolemy II facing Arsinoe II (San el-Hagar, ca. 275-250 BCE; BM reg. no. 1885,1101.5, inv. no. EA-1056). Courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum...
Arsinöe II
Image by Metropolitan Museum of Art

Arsinöe II

This limestone statue dates to 278-270 BCE and was found in the Memphite region of Egypt. Thought to portray the Ptolemaic queen Arsinöe II, the piece is an obvious callback to earlier Egyptian artistic motifs in an attempt to legitimize...
Faience Glass Vase Portraying Arsinöe II
Image by Unknown

Faience Glass Vase Portraying Arsinöe II

This fragment of blue faience glass came from a kind of libation vessel known as "oinochoai" which were used in festivals honouring the deified Ptolemaic queens. The figure portrayed is Arsinöe II who wears her hair in the "melon-coiffure"...
Ptolemaic Dynasty
Definition by Arienne King

Ptolemaic Dynasty

The Ptolemaic dynasty was a Macedonian royal family that ruled Ptolemaic Egypt from 323 to 30 BCE. It was founded by Ptolemy I, a general and successor of Alexander the Great. They built Alexandria, including the Lighthouse of Alexandria...
Amastris
Definition by Branko van Oppen

Amastris

Amastris (c. 340/39-285 BCE) was a niece of the Persian king Darius III (r. 336-330 BCE) through her father Oxyathres. She was married in succession to Alexander's general Craterus, the tyrant Dionysius of Heraclea, and finally to Lysimachus...
Liberation of Arsinoë
Image by The Yorck Project

Liberation of Arsinoë

The Liberation of Arsinoë, depicting the Ptolemaic princess Arsinoë IV (left) being rescued by Ganymedes after she was imprisoned by Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE). Oil on canvas by Italian Renaissance artist Jacopo Tintoretto (1518-1594). Staatliche...
Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
Definition by Tom Cox

Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator

Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator (The Father-loving God, born 62/61 BCE, died 47 BCE) was pharaoh of Egypt from 51 BCE until his death. His reign began as co-ruler with his sister, the famous Cleopatra VII, following the wishes of their father...
Lysimachus
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Lysimachus

Lysimachus (c. 361-281 BCE) was one of Alexander the Great's trusted bodyguards and a member of his Companion Cavalry. Although he obtained Macedonian citizenship, his father was a Thessalian named Agathocles. After the death of Alexander...
Cleopatra VII
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Cleopatra VII - The Last Great Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt

Cleopatra VII (69-30 BCE, reign 51-30 BCE) was the last ruler of Egypt before it was annexed as a province of Rome. Arguably the most famous Egyptian queen, Cleopatra was ethnically Greek as a member of the Macedonian Ptolemaic Dynasty (323-30...
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