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Column of Grant Tanks, North Africa Campaign
A February 1942 photograph of a column of US-made Grant tanks of the British 5th Royal Tank Regiment during the Western Desert Campaigns of the Second World War (1939-45). (Imperial War Museums)

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25-pdr Artillery Gun, North Africa
A March 1942 photograph of a 'Quad' artillery tractor pulling a 25-pdr artillery gun, British Eighth Army, during the Western Desert Campaigns of the Second World War (1939-45). (Imperial War Museums)

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Ancient and Medieval Gold Trade in West Africa
Did you know that the Ghana king would automatically keep any gold nugget extracted that weighed between 25 grams and half a kilo? This video is all about the lucrative gold trade of ancient and medieval West Africa. West Africa was...

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Biface from Blombos Cave, South Africa
Biface from Blombos Cave, South Africa. It belongs to the Africa Middle Stone Age (MSA) tool culture and has been dated to c. 71,000 years old.

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Olive Oil Amphora From Africa
Olive oil amphora from Africa and found at Ostia. 3rd century CE. Museo delle Navi Romane di Fiumicino. (National Maritime Museum, Sydney Australia) This amphora is stamped with its place of manufacture; Sullechtum in the Roman province...

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Mapungubwe, South Africa
The hill-site of Mapungubwe, capital of the kingdom of Mapungubwe (11-14th century CE). Located at the very north of South Africa near the Limpopo River.

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Junkers Ju 88 North Africa
A Junkers Ju 88 bomber photographed in North Africa during the Second World War (1939-45). (German Federal Archives)

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North Africa After the Berber Revolt (739-743 CE)
Northwest Africa after 743 CE, when the Umayyad Caliphate had been overthrown in the region by the Berber Revolt of 739 - 743 CE.

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Hurricane Maintenance, North Africa
A 1941 photograph of maintenance being carried out on a Hawker Hurricane fighter in Libya during the North African campaign in the Second World War (1939-45). (Imperial War Museums)

Definition
Mali Empire
The Mali Empire (1240-1645) of West Africa was founded by Sundiata Keita (r. 1230-1255) following his victory over the kingdom of Sosso (c. 1180-1235). Sundiata's centralised government, diplomacy and well-trained army permitted a massive...