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Ghana Empire
The Ghana Empire flourished in West Africa from at least the 6th to 13th century. Not connected geographically to the modern state of Ghana, the Ghana Empire was located in the western Sudan savannah region (modern southern Mauritania and...

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Slavery in Colonial America
Slavery in Colonial America, defined as white English settlers enslaving Africans, began in 1640 in the Jamestown Colony of Virginia but had already been embraced as policy prior to that date with the enslavement and deportation of Native...

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Notre-Dame Cathedral (Paris), West Façade
Like most Gothic cathedrals, the west façade of the Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris is tri-portaled, meaning it has three entranceways. Above each door is an elaborately carved tympanum depicting a story through sculpture, an accessible...

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Imentet, Ancient Egyptian Goddess of the West
This stone fragment from ancient Egypt depicts Imentet. She was the ancient Egyptian goddess of the West and thus the protector of the necropolises west of the Nile. Married to Aqen, she is mentioned with some frequency in the Book of the...

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Workers Dismantling Semna West temple
3500 years after its construction, the temple of the fortress of Semna West was dismantled in 1964 to be rebuilt in the gardens of the new Khartoum museum.
Semna West, Sudan (1964)

Definition
Berbers
The Berbers have occupied North Africa, specifically the Maghreb, since the beginning of recorded history and until the Islamic conquests of the 8th century CE constituted the dominant ethnic group in the Saharan region. Modern Berber speakers...

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Caesarea Maritima's Role in the Mediterranean Trade
Caesarea Maritima was located on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Built from the ground up in 22-10 BCE by Rome's client king, Herod the Great (r. 37-4 BCE), its location in relation to ship traffic and proximity to historical...

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Viking Age Trade Routes in North-West Europe
Map showing some of the Viking Age (c. 790-1100 CE) trade routes that existed in North-West Europe during this time. Among the places depicted are such major trading centres are Hededy, Ribe, Birka and Kaupang from Viking Scandinavia; York...

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West Pediment of the Parthenon (Reconstruction)
A reconstruction of the west pediment of the Parthenon where Athena and Poseidon battle for the favour of the Athenians flanked by the ancient kings of Athens, including Kekrops.

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West Pediment, Temple of Zeus, Olympia
The west pediment of the temple of Zeus at Olympia representing the battle between the Lapiths and the Centaurs in Thessaly. Symbolic of the greek victory over barbarians or reason over savage nature. Severe style sculpture, c. 460 BCE. Olympia...