Warsaw Confederation: Did you mean...?

Adolf Hitler (1889-1945), leader of Nazi Germany, attacked the USSR on 22 June 1941 with the largest army ever assembled. The Axis offensive of June-December 1941 was code-named Operation Barbarossa ('Redbeard') after Frederick Barbarossa...

Blitzkrieg ('lightning war') is a military tactic combining air and land forces deployed at speed against the enemy's weaker points while the rear lines are simultaneously disrupted by acts of sabotage and bombing. Speed, concentration, and...

The Heinkel He 111 was a medium two-engined bomber plane used by the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) during the Second World War (1939-45). Heinkel He 111s contributed significantly to such campaigns as the Battle of France, the Battle of Britain...

The Nazi-Soviet Pact, also called the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact after the respective foreign ministers of the USSR and Germany, was a non-aggression agreement signed in August 1939. The pact allowed the leader of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler (1889-1945...

Faras was an important town near Abu Simbel in southern Egypt/northern Kush (modern-day Sudan). It was a center of trade and administrative offices which was founded between 2040-1750 BCE. In the New Kingdom (1550-1070 BCE) a temple to Hathor...

Portrait of Aleksander Wielopolski, photograph by Karol Beyer, c. 1861-1863. Appointed by the Tsar to dampen brewing discontent and growing independence feeling in Warsaw, Wielopolski (1803-1877), a Polish aristocrat, devised a plan to conscript...

Portrait of Romuald Traugutt, photograph, c. 1862. Romuald Traugutt (1826-1864) was the final military leader of the ill-fated January Uprising of 1863, an attempt to regain Polish independence from Tsarist Russia. Traugutt, from his clandestine...

King of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Stanisław August enters St John's Cathedral of Warsaw, where Sejm members will swear to uphold the Constitution. Oil on canvas, 1891. Royal Castle, Warsaw.

The leader of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) ordered the invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939. Hitler's refusal to withdraw brought a declaration of war from Britain and France on 3 September, and so began the Second World War (1939-45...

Colditz Castle in Saxony, Germany, sits high on a precipitous cliff face that towers above a tributary of the river Mulde. First built in the 11th century, the forbidding castle was variously used as a lunatic asylum, a sanatorium for the...