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The Home Fronts in World War I
Article by Mark Cartwright

The Home Fronts in World War I - The Effects of Total War on Civilians

The First World War (1914-18) saw fighting on an unprecedented scale but also involved civilians as never before. For the first time, people hundreds of miles from the fighting front were vulnerable to air attacks. The war at sea dramatically...
A Visual Who's Who of Greek Mythology
Article by Mark Cartwright

A Visual Who's Who of Greek Mythology

Achilles The hero of the Trojan War, leader of the Myrmidons, slayer of Hector and Greece's greatest warrior, who sadly came unstuck when Paris sent a flying arrow guided by Apollo, which caught him in his only weak spot, his heel. Adonis...
Key British Weapons of World War I
Article by Mark Cartwright

Key British Weapons of World War I

The First World War (1914-18) witnessed an arsenal of new weapons as all sides were desperate to gain an advantage, particularly in the static trench warfare of the Western Front. There were some old tried-and-tested weapons like the Lee-Enfield...
Shinto
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Shinto

Shinto means 'way of the gods' and it is the oldest religion in Japan. Shinto's key concepts include purity, harmony, family respect, and subordination of the individual before the group. The faith has no founder or prophets and there is...
Philosophy Presenting the Seven Liberal Arts to Boethius
Image by Coëtivy Master (possibly Henri de Vulcop)

Philosophy Presenting the Seven Liberal Arts to Boethius

Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius (c. 475-525 CE) is depicted on the far left. An allegory of Philosophy presents to him the allegories of the Seven Liberal Arts dressed in 15th century clothing, each holding a symbol of their subject; from...
Galahad Battles the Seven Knights of Darkness
Image by Boston Public Library

Galahad Battles the Seven Knights of Darkness

"The seven knights of darkness" was painted c. 1893-1902 CE. The painting depicts the legendary Sir Galahad battling personifications of the Seven Deadly Sins as part of his quest for the Holy Grail. It is part of the Part of the "Abbey Room...
Ten Great Stupas from Around the World
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Ten Great Stupas from Around the World

A stupa is a reliquary containing the remains (relics) of an individual associated with great spiritual power and insight, most often (since the 3rd century BCE) with the Buddha (l. c. 563 - c. 483 BCE). The form, a hemisphere topped by a...
How Germany Lost World War I
Article by Mark Cartwright

How Germany Lost World War I

Germany started the First World War (1914-18) with the belief its armed forces could win a quick and decisive victory over France and then Russia. The reality turned out to be much more complicated as more countries became involved in a global...
Women in World War I
Article by Mark Cartwright

Women in World War I - Changing Roles & Rights

During the First World War (1914-18), as governments sought to field the largest armies possible and so conscripted millions of men to the fighting fronts, the role of women in society was greatly expanded. Women worked as nurses and medical...
Ancient Greek Literature
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Ancient Greek Literature

Greek literature has influenced not only its Roman neighbors to the west but also countless generations across the European continent. Greek writers are responsible for the introduction of such genres as poetry, tragedy, comedy, and western...
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