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Working Green Wood
Image by Selim Rumi Civralı

Working Green Wood - Viking Ship Construction 22

The Viking ship builders did not wait for the wood to dry, as other timber for other purposes was left. Rather, shipbuilders worked most pieces while still fresh and moist. This made the boards softer, easier to bend, and more adaptable to...
Sorting the Logs
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Sorting the Logs - Viking Ship Construction 15

When the logs for a Viking ship reached the shipyard or timber yard, they were sorted by quality and intended use. At this early stage, builders had already decided which trunks would serve for the keel, the planking, or the interior parts...
Managing Knots
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Managing Knots - Viking Ship Construction 8

Viking shipbuilders strengthened knot-related weak points in the oak planks with patches fastened from the outside. This management of defects was aimed at minimising the structural risks created by knots that remained within the plank plane...
Shaping the Land
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Shaping the Land - Viking Ship Construction 26

The edges where the planks overlapped on a Viking ship were not left random. The contact surfaces, called the land, were carefully shaped, and even if they were not perfectly smooth, the seating line and the water sealing geometry were preserved...
Removing Sapwood and Pith
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Removing Sapwood and Pith - Viking Ship Construction 19

The split pieces were roughly shaped in the Viking timber yard, and the sapwood and pith were removed. The remaining core became stronger and more reliable timber for the clinker overlap. Charcoal illustration by Selim Rumi Civralı.
Finding Keel Timber
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Finding Keel Timber - Viking Ship Construction 12

In Viking ships, long and straight trunks were sought for the keel. The Skuldelev 2 report documented that finding a suitable keel piece created a critical production bottleneck since a suitable trunk was difficult to find even in dense primaeval...
Splitting at the Timber Yard
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Splitting at the Timber Yard - Viking Ship Construction 16

In the Viking timber yard, large logs were split from the root end. Small wedges first opened a line, then larger wedges and mallet blows drove the split deeper, and the wood followed its natural grain as it opened. Charcoal illustration...
Radial Cleaving
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Radial Cleaving - Viking Ship Construction 9

For the clinker planks for a Viking ship, the tree was split radially from the centre outward. Unlike a saw, this process did not cut the fibres and preserved the natural strength of the wood. This first intervention with the axe formed the...
The Clinker Overlap
Image by Selim Rumi Civralı

The Clinker Overlap - Viking Ship Construction 27

In the clinker system of a Viking ship, each new plank overlapped the one below. This overlap acted like a structural spine that strengthened the hull along its length and kept the ship light yet remarkably strong. Charcoal illustration...
Choosing Ash
Image by Selim Rumi Civralı

Choosing Ash - Viking Ship Construction 11

Ash was preferred by Viking shipbuilders for oars and for parts exposed to heavy impact. Thanks to its toughness and high shock resistance, ash offered the ideal engineering solution for ship components that worked under constant fatigue...
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