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Trade routes of the ancient Romans to Africa and India as described in the 1st-century CE Periplus of the Erythreaen Sea.

Dead Sea Scrolls jars from Qumran (Khirbet Qumran or Wadi Qumran), West Bank of the Jordan River, near the north part of the Dead Sea, modern-day State of Israel. The Dead Sea Scrolls, or Qumran Caves Scrolls, are parchment and papyrus...

A map illustrating the rise and extent of the North Sea Empire under the rule of Cnut the Great (aka Canute, Cnut Cyning, or Knútr Inn Ríki) as a personal union of England, Denmark, and Norway between 1016 and 1035 CE. One of only two English...

The Copper Scroll was discovered inside Cave 3 (Q3) at Qumran (Khirbat Qumran or Wadi Qumran). This is the only known inscription on metal from the Dead Sea area. The scroll originally consisted of three sheets of copper, totaling 2.3 meters...

The Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS) are a collection of scrolls found in the desert east of Jerusalem on the shore of the Dead Sea. They represent the largest manuscript collections of texts from the Second Temple Period found in the area of Judah...

A map illustrating the current archeological evidence for the spread of the Scythians in the northern Black Sea region. It shows the distribution of the most notable ‘kurgans’ and monumental burial sites of the riding nomads of the Scythian...

Map showing Ancient Greek colonies on the northern coast of the Black Sea, c. 450 BC.

The c. 1490 CE engraving 'Battle of the Sea Gods' by the Italian Renaissance artist Andrea Mantegna (c. 1431-1506 CE). (Devonshire Collection, Chatsworth House, England)

The War Scroll, part of the Dead Sea Scrolls discovered at Quram, Israel which were composed between the 3rd century BCE and the 1st century CE.

A 1902 oil on canvas, A Walk by the Sea (aka Bathers), by Paul Gauguin (1848-1903), the French post-impressionist painter. Painted in the Marquesas near the artist's hut. A work that shows Gauguin's slightly different palette compared to...