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Definition
Themistocles
Themistocles (c. 524 - c. 460 BCE) was an Athenian statesman and general (strategos) whose emphasis on naval power and military skills were instrumental during the Persian wars, victory in which ensured that Greece survived its greatest ever...

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Battle of Salamis, 480 BCE
Illustration of the Battle of Salamis (480 BCE) by Zvonimir Grbasic. Courtesy of Ancient Warfare Magazine / Karwansaray Publishers.

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Battle of Salamis, 480 BCE
The distribution of the respective fleets of the Greek allied states (blue) against the Persian forces of Xerxes (red), 480 BCE. The Greeks would outmanoeuvre the Persians in the shallow waters of the straights and win a victory which would...

Definition
Aristides
Aristides (520s – c. 467 BCE) was an Athenian statesman and military commander who gained the honorific title 'the Just' through his consistent selfless behaviour in public office. Although ostracized by the Athenian assembly, Aristides...

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Battle of Marathon
The Battle on the plain of Marathon in September 490 BCE between Greeks and the invading forces of Persian king Darius I (r. 522-486 BCE) was a victory that would go down in folklore as the moment the Greek city-states showed the world their...

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Gymnasium of Salamis, Cyprus
The gymnasium of Salamis in Cyprus, with its colonnaded palaestra, was built over the ruins of an earlier Hellenistic gymnasium in the 2nd century CE during the reigns of Trajan and Hadrian after Salamis had been greatly damaged during the...

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The Latrines of Salamis, Cyprus
The latrines of the gymnasium of Salamis in Cyprus. They were a semicircular structure with a roof supported on columns and had a capacity of 44.

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Roman Sculptures from Salamis, Cyprus
Sculptures from the Gymnasium of Salamis, 2nd century CE. Cyprus Museum, Nicosia.

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Bath Complex of Salamis, Cyprus
The bath complex of Salamis had a sweating-room, marble-lined pools, cold and hot rooms and an exposed hypocaust (underfloor heating system). The building was decorated with stunning mythological-themed mosaics and frescoes.

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Fresco with Hylas in Salamis, Cyprus
Fresco in the bath complex of Salamis in Cyprus depicting the myth of Hylas and the water nymphs, end of 3rd century CE.