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Lighthouse of Alexandria
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Lighthouse of Alexandria

The Lighthouse of Alexandria was built on the island of Pharos outside the harbour of Alexandria, Egypt c. 300 - 280 BCE, during the reigns of Ptolemy I and II. With a height of over 100 metres (330 ft), the lighthouse was so impressive that...
Antigonus I
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Antigonus I

Antigonus I Monophthalmus ("the One-Eyed") (382 -301 BCE) was one of the successor kings to Alexander the Great, controlling Macedonia and Greece. When Alexander the Great died in 323 BCE, a conflict known as the Wars of the Diadochi ensued...
Ptolemy's Map of the World
Image by  Donnus Nicholas Germanus

Ptolemy's Map of the World

The map of the world created by the astronomer and geographer Claudius Ptolemy (c. 100 - c. 170 CE). From a 15th-century book by Leinhart Holle. Made by the German cartographer Donnus Nicholas Germanus.
Bronze Bust of Ptolemy II Philadelphus
Image by Marie-Lan Nguyen

Bronze Bust of Ptolemy II Philadelphus

This bronze bust is usually attributed to the Ptolemaic king Ptolemy II Philadelphus (r. 283-246 BCE) although alternative identifications of the bust have been made. It was discovered in the Villa of the Papyri, Herculaneum in 1754 CE and...
Ptolemy XIII in the Temple at Kom Ombo
Image by Rüdiger Stehn

Ptolemy XIII in the Temple at Kom Ombo

A relief of Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator on one of the pillars in the courtyard of the Temple at Kom Ombo.
Stela of Ptolemy IX & Cleopatra III
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Stela of Ptolemy IX & Cleopatra III

Two thirds of this stela were lost due to reuse as building material. It documents a royal visit to Elephantine. Ptolemy IX and Cleopatra III, his mother and co-regent, granted privileges to the priests of Khnum, a local ram god. The scene...
Bust of Ptolemy of Mauretania, Louvre
Image by Omar2788

Bust of Ptolemy of Mauretania, Louvre

A marble bust of King Ptolemy of Mauretania (c. 10 BCE - c. 40 CE). Ptolemy was the son of Juba II and Cleopatra Selene II, making him a descendant of both the Berber rulers of Numidia and the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt. Through his mother...
Shrine of Ptolemy VIII & Cleopatra II
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Shrine of Ptolemy VIII & Cleopatra II

Shrine of Ptolemy VIII & Cleopatra II, originally from the Temple of Isis, Philae, found reused in a Coptic church, Ptolemaic Dynasty, reign of Ptolemy VIII, c. 170-116 BCE. The shrine held a cult statue of the goddess Isis, who is mentioned...
Gold Octadrachm of Ptolemy II & Arsinoe II
Image by The British Museum

Gold Octadrachm of Ptolemy II & Arsinoe II

This massive gold coin weighing approximately 27.7-8 grams was known as an octadrachm (equivalent in worth to 8 drachmae). Under the Ptolemies, mints in cities like Alexandria and Ptolemais produced ever larger denominations in gold, silver...
Elephant Symbolism on the Coins of Ptolemy I
Image by Branko van Oppen

Elephant Symbolism on the Coins of Ptolemy I

Two coins issued by Ptolemy I: 1) A portrait of the deified Alexander the Great wearing an elephant scalp on his head, with a ram’s horn over his temple, and an aegis (sacred fleece) over his shoulder; on the reverse Athena Alcidemus, the...
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