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The Ptolemaic Dynasty of Ancient Egypt: From Ptolemy I to Cleopatra VII
The Ptolemaic dynasty in Ancient Egypt began under the rule of Ptolemy I Soter, whose goal was to make Egypt great again and he did that by putting the country back on solid economic and administrative footing, and it ended with Cleopatra...
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What happened to the Great Library at Alexandria?
Once the largest library in the ancient world, and containing works by the greatest thinkers and writers of antiquity, including Homer, Plato, Socrates and many more, the Library of Alexandria, northern Egypt, is popularly believed to have...
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Ptolemy XII Bust
Portrait of Ptolemy XII from the Louvre, Paris.
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Ptolemy II Philadelphus Founds the Library of Alexandria
"Tolomeo Filadelfo nella biblioteca di Alessandria", or "Ptolemy Philadelphus founds the Library of Alexandria", is an oil painting from 1813 by Italian artist Vincenzo Camuccini (1771-1844 CE). The painting portrays the Greco-Macedonian...
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Ptolemy II
Granite statue depicting Ptolemy II. The king commissioned the statue to be made during his own reign, about 285-246 BCE. Son of Ptolemy I Soter, Ptolemy II is known in his role as king of Ptolemaic Egypt. (Vatican Museums, Rome)
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Hellenistic Warfare
When Alexander the Great died in 323 BCE, he left behind an empire devoid of leadership. Without a named successor or heir, the old commanders simply divided the kingdom among themselves. For the next three decades, they fought a lengthy...
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Ptolemy II Before Arsinoe II
Limestone relief from the Chapel of Ptolemy II at Tanis in the Nile Delta representing Ptolemy II facing Arsinoe II (San el-Hagar, ca. 275-250 BCE; BM reg. no. 1885,1101.5, inv. no. EA-1056). Courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum...
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Ptolemy II (Artistic Facial Reconstruction)
A photorealistic representation of Ptolemy II of Egypt (284-246 BCE) as he may have appeared early in his reign. This reconstruction is based on archaeological evidence including busts, coinage, and descriptions of Ptolemy II in historical...
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Bronze Statues of Ptolemy II & Arsinoe II
These early 3rd-century BCE bronze statues from Alexandria, Egypt, portray the royal Ptolemaic couple Ptolemy II Philadelphus ("The Sibling-Loving") and Arsinoe II Philadelphus. Ptolemy II is wearing the scalp of an elephant, possibly symbolic...
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Ptolemy V Epiphanes Tetradrachm
Tetradrachm of Ptolemy V Epiphanes (r. 205-180 BCE). Portrait of Ptolemy on obverse, Ptolemaic eagle on reverse with the legend "Ptolemy Basileus" (meaning "King Ptolemy"). Minted in Phoenicia.
Münzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, Berlin.