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Portrait of Isabel de Valois, Queen of Spain
Portrait of Queen Isabel de Valois of Spain, painting by Sofonisba Anguissola, Italy, c. 1561 - 1565. Isabel de Valois was the third wife of King Phillip II of Spain and was taught painting by Sofonisba Anguissola. Museo del Prado, Madrid...
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The Sea Dogs - Queen Elizabeth's Privateers
The sea dogs, as they were disparagingly called by the Spanish authorities, were privateers who, with the consent and sometimes financial support of Elizabeth I of England (r. 1558-1603 CE), attacked and plundered Spanish colonial settlements...
Definition
Elizabeth I of England
Elizabeth I reigned as queen of England from 1558 to 1603. Her 44-year reign was so long and packed with momentous events that the second half of the 16th century is now known as the Elizabethan era and still regarded as a 'Golden Age' for...
Definition
Cynane
Cynane (l. c. 357- 323 BCE, pronounced `Keenahnay') was the daughter of the Illyrian Princess Audata and King Philip II of Macedon, making her the half-sister of Alexander the Great (l.356-323 BCE). Following the Illyrian tradition of women...
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Reformation in the Netherlands & the Eighty Years' War
The Protestant Reformation in the Netherlands was among the most violent and destructive of any region during the first 50 years of the movement, ultimately informing the Eighty Years' War (1568-1648), but causing massive destruction and...
Definition
Spanish Main
The Spanish Main refers, in its widest sense, to the Spanish Empire in the Americas from Florida in the north to the northern coast of Brazil in the south, including the Caribbean. The term was initially more limited and referred only to...
Definition
Sofonisba Anguissola - The Founder of Feminist Art
Sofonisba Anguissola (c. 1532-1625) was an Italian Renaissance painter from Cremona who achieved considerable fame during her lifetime as the first widely-known female artist. She was invited by the Habsburg King Philip II of Spain (reign...
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Portrait of Philip II
Portrait of Phillip II of Spain, painting by Sofonisba Anguissola, Spain, 1565. Sofonisba served as Queen Isabel de Valois' lady-in-waiting and her painting teacher. This portrait of Phillip II showcases him in his usual attire of black...
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King Philip (Metacom)
Philip, King of Mount Hope, line engraving depicting Metacom (also known as King Philip, l. 1638-1676), colored by hand, by the American engraver and silversmith Paul Revere, illustration from page 88 of The Entertaining History of King Philip's...
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Colossal Statues of Philip II and Alexander III in Skopje
Colossal statues of Philip II of Macedon (r. 359-336 BCE) and Alexander the Great (r. 336-323 BCE) in Skopje. The Skopje 2014 (2010-2014) was a project involving the construction of 136 monumental buildings, bridges, statues, and fountains...