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Peter Rainier
Image by Arthur William Devis

Peter Rainier

Portrait of Admiral Peter Rainier (1741-1808), oil on canvas by Arthur William Devis, 1805.
St Peter Consecrates St Lawrence as Deacon
Image by Louis-garden

St Peter Consecrates St Lawrence as Deacon

St Peter Consecrates St Lawrence as Deacon, painting by Fra Angelico, photograph by Louis-garden, Vatican City, 06 November, 2007. This fresco by Early Renaissance master, Fra Angelico, was part of a commission by Pope Nicolas V to paint...
Prince Peter Bagration
Image by George Dawe

Prince Peter Bagration

Prince Peter Bagration (1765-1812), a Russian general of Georgian origin who served during the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). He commanded one of Russia's main armies during Napoleon's invasion of Russia and was mortally wounded at the Battle...
Unam Sanctam: Spiritual Authority & the Medieval Church
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Unam Sanctam: Spiritual Authority & the Medieval Church

The Unam Sanctam (1302) was a papal bull issued by Pope Boniface VIII (served 1294-1303) requiring the complete submission of all people, including kings, to the authority and dictates of the pope. As the Church was understood as holding...
First Crusade
Definition by Mark Cartwright

First Crusade

The First Crusade (1095-1102) was a military campaign by western European forces to recapture the city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim control. Conceived by Pope Urban II following an appeal from the Byzantine emperor Alexios I...
Monastic Orders of the Middle Ages
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Monastic Orders of the Middle Ages

The monastic orders of the Middle Ages developed from the desire to live a spiritual life without the distractions of the world. Men and women who took religious vows were seeking a purity of experience they found lacking as lay people. Their...
Tsar
Definition by Liana Miate

Tsar

Tsar (also czar) is a Slavic term derived from the Latin caesar. Ivan III (Ivan the Great) (r. 1462-1505) was the first Russian ruler to begin using the title of tsar during his reign instead of the title Grand Prince of Moscow. His grandson...
William Still
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

William Still - Father of the Underground Railroad

William Still (1819-1902) was an African American abolitionist known as the "Father of the Underground Railroad" for his efforts in helping to free between 600 to 800 people from slavery. Born the son of formerly enslaved parents, Still devoted...
The Calydonian Boar Hunt, Peter Paul Rubens
Video by Getty Museum

The Calydonian Boar Hunt, Peter Paul Rubens

Listen to an audio commentary about a painting in the J. Paul Getty Museum's collection. The Calydonian Boar Hunt, Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish, about 1611 - 1612, oil on panel http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails?artobj=267599...
Ghosts in the Ancient World
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ghosts in the Ancient World - The Return of the So-Called Dead

A belief in an afterlife was central to every major civilization of the ancient world and this encouraged the recognition of the reality of ghosts as the spirits of the departed who, for one reason or another, either returned from the realm...
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