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Definition
Cathars
The Cathars (also known as Cathari from the Greek Katharoi for “pure ones”) were a dualist medieval religious sect of Southern France which flourished in the 12th century and challenged the authority of the Catholic Church. They were also...
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Spanish Torture of American Peoples
An illustration showing the torture of indigenous American peoples by Spanish conquistadors. From the 1552 edition of A Very Brief Recital of the Destruction of the Indies by Bartolomé de las Casas which was a graphic indictment of the exploitation...
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Map of Celtic Peoples in the Post-Classical Period
A map showing the spread of Celtic-speaking peoples in Europe, and their migrations in the Post-Classical Period.
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Second Crusade Battle Scene
A battle scene of the Second Crusade (1147-1149 CE). From a 14th century CE illustrated manuscript of William of Tyre's history of the Crusade. (French National Library, Paris)
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Indigenous Peoples of Chile
Map showing the indigenous population groups of Chile.
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Taiwanese Indigenous Peoples
Aborigine park display across the street from the Shung Ye Museum of Formosan Aborigines in Taipei, Taiwan. The stone carvings each represent one of the recognized aboriginal tribes of Taiwan, with an explanatory plaque at the foot of the...
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The Siege of Acre, 1291 CE
The Siege of Acre in 1291 CE was the final fatal blow to Christian Crusader ambitions in the Holy Land. Acre had always been the most important Christian-held port in the Levant, but when it finally fell on 18 May 1291 CE to the armies of...
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The Capture of Jerusalem, 1099 CE
The capture of Jerusalem from Muslim control was the primary goal of the First Crusade (1095-1102 CE), a combined military campaign organised by western rulers, the Pope, and the Byzantine Empire. After a brief siege, the city was captured...
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Map of the First Crusade Routes
"This map shows the main routes taken by those who joined the First Crusade. The appeal was made by Pope Urban II in November 1095 CE but crusaders did not set out until the following summer. One route went through Hungary crossing the Byzantine...
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Children's Crusade
This print depicts the Children's Crusade of 1212 CE. From a wood cut by Dutch monogrammist LIW, ca 1550-1580 CE. (Metropolitan Museum, New York)