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Roman Mosaics
Roman mosaics were a common feature of private homes and public buildings across the empire from Africa to Antioch. Not only are mosaics beautiful works of art in themselves but they are also an invaluable record of such everyday items as...

Article
The Rise of Cities in the Ancient Mediterranean
The history of the ancient world has always been told as a history of cities, from Homer's epic poems about events just before and just after the sack of Troy, through the prose histories of wars between Athens and Sparta, Rome and Carthage...

Article
Diodorus Siculus: The Battle of Chaeronia
In the following excerpt from his Library of History, Book XVI, chapter 14, the historian Diodorus Siculus (1st century BCE) chronicles the famous Battle of Chaeronia of 338 BCE, in which Phillip II of Macedon, his son Alexander and their...

Book Review
Philip II of Macedonia
Philip II of Macedonia, by Ian Worthington, is a biography of Philip II, king of ancient Macedon from 360 to 336 BCE and father of Alexander the Great. Even though the figure of Philip is often obscured by the glory of his son, the book highlights...

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Mosaic Floor at Herakleia Lynkestis
Mosaic floor of the Great Basilica at Herakleia Lynkestis, Macedonia, 5th-6th century.

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Macedonian Silver Dodecadrachm
Silver dodecadrachm from Derrones, Macedonia, ca 500-480 BCE. O: Nude male figure with two oxen. (R: incuse square).

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Herakleia Lynkestis
Herakleia Lynkestis (Heraclea Lyncestis), Republic of Macedonia.

Definition
Second Triumvirate
The Second Triumvirate was a political association of convenience between three of Rome's most powerful figures: Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian in the 1st century BCE. Following the assassination of Julius Caesar the three vowed revenge...

Definition
Indo-European Languages
The Indo-European languages are a family of related languages that today are widely spoken in the Americas, Europe, and also Western and Southern Asia. Just as languages such as Spanish, French, Portuguese and Italian are all descended from...

Definition
Darius I
Darius I (l. c. 550-486 BCE, r. 522-486 BCE), also known as Darius the Great, was the third Persian King of the Achaemenid Empire. His reign lasted 36 years, from 522 to 486 BCE; during this time the Persian Empire reached its peak. Darius...