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The Delian League, Part 2: From Eurymedon to the Thirty Years Peace (465/4-445/4 BCE)
This text is part of an article series on the Delian League. The second phase of the Delian League's operations begins with the Hellenic victory over Mede forces at Eurymedon and ends with the Thirty Years Peace between Athens and Sparta...
Book Review
Dangerous Gifts: Imperialism, Security, and Civil Wars in the Levant, 1798-1864
As Assistant Professor of History at Utrecht University, Ozan Ozavci focuses on the twilight of the Ottoman Empire, a period when its European rivals intervened, economically and militarily, in Ottoman affairs. As a professor of Transimperial...
Collection
Causes of War in History
This collection of resources examines the causes of various conflicts in the last millennium, from religious and civil wars to revolutions and global wars. The origins of conflict through history are often many and varied; they often, too...
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Map of the Italian Empire in 1942 - The Spatial and Political Dimensions of Italian Imperialism
The Italian Colonial Empire emerged during the period of New Imperialism (late 19th–early 20th centuries) as the recently unified Kingdom of Italy sought to secure its place among the European great powers. Motivated by a combination of economic...
Definition
Mesopotamia - The Beginning of Beginnings
Mesopotamia (from the Greek, meaning "between two rivers") was an ancient region located in the Near East (Middle East) bounded in the northeast by the Zagros Mountains and in the southeast by the Arabian Plateau, corresponding to modern-day...
Definition
Portuguese Empire
The Portuguese Empire was established from the 15th century and eventually stretched from the Americas to Japan. Very often a string of coastal trading centres with defensive fortifications, there were larger territorial colonies like Brazil...
Definition
The Vedas
The Vedas are the religious texts which inform the religion of Hinduism (also known as Sanatan Dharma meaning “Eternal Order” or “Eternal Path”). The term veda means “knowledge” in that they are thought to contain the fundamental knowledge...
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Map of the Scramble for Africa after the Berlin Conference
The Berlin Conference (1884–1885), also known as the Congo Conference, marked a defining moment in the Scramble for Africa—the competitive colonization of the continent by European powers during the late 19th century. Convened in Berlin under...
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Map of Africa after the Treaty of Versailles, c.1920
In the aftermath of World War I (1914–1918), Africa remained overwhelmingly under European colonial domination, despite widespread African participation in the war effort. While the conflict weakened several European powers, it did not dismantle...
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Japanese Troops, Manchuria, 1931
A photograph showing Japanese troops at the Mukden Little West Gate during the invasion of Chinese Manchuria (Manchukuo) in September 1931. The invasion caused a crisis with the League of Nations.