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Bearded Male Mummy Portrait, Hawara
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Bearded Male Mummy Portrait, Hawara

Mummy portrait of a man surrounded by a gilt stucco border with an embossed vine pattern, from Hawara cemetery, Egypt, 2nd century CE. The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London (with thanks to The Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology...
Labyrinth
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Labyrinth

The word labyrinth comes from the Greek labyrinthos and describes any maze-like structure with a single path through it which differentiates it from an actual maze which may have multiple paths intricately linked. Etymologically the word...
Fayum
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Fayum

The Faiyum (also given as Fayoum, Fayum, and Faiyum Oasis) was a region of ancient Egypt known for its fertility and the abundance of plant and animal life. Located 62 miles (100 kilometers) south of Memphis (modern Cairo), the Faiyum was...
Middle Kingdom of Egypt
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Middle Kingdom of Egypt

The Middle Kingdom (2040-1782 BCE) is considered ancient Egypt's Classical Age during which it produced some of its greatest works of art and literature. Scholars remain divided on which dynasties constitute the Middle Kingdom as some argue...
Mummified Girl from the Tomb of Aline
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Mummified Girl from the Tomb of Aline

This girl, 6 or 7 years old at the time of death, was one of Aline's daughters and was found in the Tomb of Aline at Hawara, Faiyum, Egypt. The mummies of this girl and her father (Aline's husband) were covered with a mummy masks, not with...
Mummy Portrait of a Man from Fayum
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Mummy Portrait of a Man from Fayum

Mummy portrait of a man, painted in encaustic on limewood, from Hawara, Fayum, Egypt, 80-100 CE. The British Museum, London. The portrait was excavated by Sir William Petrie and formerly housed in the National Gallery. There is a fissure...
Male Mummy Mask from the Tomb of Aline
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Male Mummy Mask from the Tomb of Aline

This is a mummy mask of Aline's husband. His right hand grasps what appears to be a wreath or garland of rose petals. His arms are wrapped in a toga. The eyebrows are painted (not made of glass) while the eyeballs are made of white and black...
Fayum Mummy Portraits
Image Gallery by Arienne King

Fayum Mummy Portraits

The Fayum mummy portraits were lifelike images painted on thin wooden panels and placed directly over the mummy in Roman Egypt. The vast majority of them date to the 1st and 2nd centuries CE. Hundreds of mummy portraits have been excavated...
The Seven Wonders
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

The Seven Wonders

The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World were seven impressive structures famously listed by ancient writers including Philo of Byzantium, Antipater of Sidon, Diodorus Siculus, Herodotus, Strabo, and Callimachus of Cyrene, among others. The...
Ancient Egyptian Architecture
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ancient Egyptian Architecture

Ancient Egyptian architecture is often associated closely with the pyramids of Giza but was actually quite diverse, taking a number of forms in the construction of administrative buildings, temples, tombs, palaces, and the private homes of...
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