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The Byzantine Empire, c.520 - 1204
A map illustrating the Byzantine Empire (the Greek-speaking eastern half of the Roman Empire with Constantinople as its capital) from the ascension of Justinian I in 527, through the reign of Basil II until the sacking of Constantinople by...

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Sassanian Kings List & Commentary
The Sassanian Empire (224-651) was the greatest expression of Persian culture in the ancient world. It was consciously modeled on the earlier Achaemenid Empire (c. 550-330 BCE) which established Persian supremacy in the region and developed...

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Battle of Rivoli
The Battle of Rivoli (14-15 January 1797) was the climactic battle of Napoleon's Italian Campaign of 1796-97. A fourth and final attempt by the Austrian army to relieve the siege of Mantua was thwarted by Napoleon Bonaparte's Army of Italy...

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Byzantine Empire c. 626 CE
A map of the Byzantine empire c. 626 CE.

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The Persian Empire
The Persian Empire about 500 BC.

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Map of the Mali Empire
A map illustrating the rise and extent of the Mali Empire (c. 1235 - 1672) as it reached its height in the 13th century as one of the most powerful and wealthy states in West Africa. Spanning a vast territory that included modern-day Mali...

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Bulgarian Empire under Tsar Samuil, 997 - 1014
A map illustrating the reign of Samuil (Bulgarian: Самуил,) Tsar of the First Bulgarian Empire from 997 to 1014. His rule faced significant challenges, particularly the expansionist policies of the Byzantine Empire under Emperor Basil II...

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Map of the Aztec Empire, c. 1427–1521 - The Rise and Fall of Mesoamerica’s Warrior Kings
This map illustrates the origins and territorial expansion of the Aztec Empire in Mesoamerica between the 14th and 16th centuries. Emerging from a network of Nahua-speaking city-states in central and southern Mexico, the empire rose to dominate...

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The Fall of the Western Roman Empire, c. 480 CE
A map illustrating the gradual process of disintegration known as the Fall of the Western Roman Empire. During the Migration Period (a period of accelerated movement of peoples across Europe between the 5th and 9th centuries, also known as...

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The Sassanid Empire c. 620 CE
A map illustrating the rise and expansion of the Sassanid Empire (also known as Erānshahr, "the Domain of the Iranians/Aryans" or Neo-Persian Empire.) Named after the House of Sasan, it was the longest-lived Persian imperial dynasty, enduring...