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Early Media Coverage of the Sand Creek Massacre and Continuing Controversy
The earliest reports on the Sand Creek Massacre (29 November 1864) characterized it as a great battle in which the Third Colorado Cavalry under Colonel John Chivington defeated a large force of armed Cheyenne and Arapaho warriors. By the...

Article
Early Explorers of the Maya Civilization: John Lloyd Stephens and Frederick Catherwood
The names of John Lloyd Stephens and Frederick Catherwood are forever linked to the Maya and Mayan studies as the two great explorers who documented the ruins from Copan in the south to Chichen Itza in the north. The stories told by Stephens...

Image Gallery
Early Christianity in 10 Maps
Explore the world of early Christianity through this 10-map collection, tracing the transformative journey of the Roman Empire as it embraced a new faith. Begin with the Roman Empire under Augustus (r. 27 BCE to 14 CE), setting the stage...

Image Gallery
A Gallery of 45 Administrative Centers of the Early Roman Empire
As the Roman Republic transformed into an empire that encircled the entire Mediterranean and cities across the provinces undertook Roman government functions, they also developed distinctly Roman features such as a Roman forum, Roman baths...

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Jar with Signs of Early Egyptian kings
This is a cylinder pottery jar (Type 50 B, pinkware). The name of King KA (and contents) was brushed on the jar using a black ink. King KA ruled just before the 1st Dynasty in Egypt. In general, few vessels from this period bore the name...

Definition
Predynastic Period in Egypt
The Predynastic Period in Ancient Egypt is the time before recorded history from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic Age and on to the rise of the First Dynasty and is generally recognized as spanning the era from c. 6000-3150 BCE (though physical...

Article
Ancient Egyptian Symbols
Religion in ancient Egypt was fully integrated into the people's daily lives. The gods were present at one's birth, throughout one's life, in the transition from earthly life to the eternal, and continued their care for the soul in the afterlife...

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Folio of Early Pauline Espitles
A folio from P46, an early 3rd century collection of Pauline epistles. Folio from Papyrus 46, an early 3rd century collection of Pauline epistles, containing 2 Corinthians 11:33-12:9 Transcription (the bracketed portions are illegible...

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Lamp from Early Anglo-Saxon England
This iron lamp, comprising a round bowl on a tripod foot, still contains the remains of beeswax fuel, but no trace of a wick has survived. Iron lamps are extremely rare finds from early Anglo-Saxon England. So far they have been only found...

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Asia Minor in the Early 1st Century CE
Map of Asia Minor in the early 1st century CE with the Kingdom of Commagene as a Roman client state.