Dutch Republic: Did you mean...?

In the 1600s CE, French and Dutch settlers in North America took a very different approach to colonization than their English or Spanish counterparts. In this video, Kim Kutz Elliott examines the trading relationships...

While the English were falling apart a little, with their civil war and their restoration and their succession problems, the Dutch were getting their act together. They were throwing off the yoke of the Spanish Empire...

A 17th-century painting by Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom showing English and Dutch galleons in combat in 1605. Both ships are typical of the Spanish galleon type. (National Maritime Museum, Amsterdam)

Battle between Dutch and Spanish ships on the Haarlemmermeer, 26 May 1573, oil on canvas by Hendrik Cornelisz Vroom, c. 1629. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

A 17th-century painting by Reinier Nooms showing Dutch and Spanish ships fighting at the Battle of the Downs in the English Channel in 1639. (National Maritime Museum, Greenwich)

Dutch whalers off Spitsbergen, oil on canvas by Abraham Storck, c. 1690. Collectie Het Scheepvaartmuseum, Amsterdam.

Replica of the Dutch Halve Maen ("Half Moon"), which English navigator Henry Hudson (c. 1570-1611) captained on his third voyage in 1609 in search of a northwest passage. Photographic print by Stereo-Travel...

From a humble beginning as a sweet treat grown in gardens, sugar cane cultivation became an economic powerhouse, and the growing demand for sugar stimulated the colonization of the New World by European powers...

Papyrus Oxyrhynchus fragment of Plato's dialogue of Republic in ancient Greek.

This gold aureus is one of the first Roman portrait coins. Roman Republican coins did not usually depict living people, although a statue of the politician Sulla appeared on a coin during his lifetime. The son of Pompey...