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Definition
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire existed from 330 to 1453. It is often called the Eastern Roman Empire or simply Byzantium. The Byzantine capital was founded at Constantinople by Constantine I (r. 306-337). The Byzantine Empire varied in...
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Merquli's Rock Relief, Iraqi Kurdistan
This rock-relief lies on one of the tops of Mt. Pira Magroon, Sulaimaniya, Iraq. In 2009 CE, a small mountain settlement was excavated on the top of Mt. Merquli (Kurdish: مير قولي), the peak just south of Mt...
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Entrance, The Rock-Cut Tombs of Qizqapan
The façade and entrance into the rock-cut tombs of Ashkawt-i Qizqapan (Kurdish: The Cave of the Ravisher or the Cave of the Raped/Abducted Girl), which lies near Zarzi village and the Palaeolithic cave of Zarzi...
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Minoan Rock-Crystal Vase
A Minoan vase carved from rock-crystal, from Zakros on Crete, c. 1450 BCE. The collar includes gilded ivory discs and the handle is made from rock-crystal beads strung on bronze wire. The vessel was probably used to pour...
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Saharan Rock Carving of Two Cats Fighting
This prehistoric Saharan rock carving from Wadi Mathendous in the Fezzan, Libya depicts two cats fighting. Similar petroglyphs can be found in rock escarpments throughout the Sahara, providing valuable clues...
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Aphrodite's Rock in Cyprus
Petra tou Romiou ("Rock of the Greek"), also known as Aphrodite's Rock, is said to be the site of the birth of the goddess Aphrodite on the island of Cyprus. It is located southeast of Paphos in the southern part of Cyprus...
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Yazilikaya Hittite Rock Sanctuary
Yazılıkaya is a Hittite rock sanctuary located about 1.5 kilometres northeast of Hattusa, the capital city of the Hittite Empire in the late Bronze Age. It is the largest known Hittite rock monument. The sanctuary...
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Rock Carved with an Animal Image from Dhuwayla
Rock carved with an animal image from Dhuwayla in the northeastern desert, Jordan, Pre-Pottery Neolithic B, 6900-6500 BCE. Over a hundred stones with rock carvings were discovered in a small seasonal hunting...
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Darband-i Basara and its Rock Relief
This is Darband-i Basara (or Basara Gorge). The gorge transects the anticlines of the upper part of Qaradagh Mountain Ridge. The paved road leads to Delezha Village. The image was shot from the western part of...
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Darband-i Basara Rock Relief
This rock relief lies within Darband-i Basara, which transects the upper part of Qaradagh Mountain Ridge. The rock relief is composed of two separate scenes. The main scene is within the sunken square area and a minor...