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Galileo Galilei
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Galileo Galilei

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was an Italian mathematician, physicist, astronomer, and natural philosopher. He created a superior telescope with which he made new observations of the night sky, notably that the surface of the Moon has mountains...
The Bounty Mutiny
Article by Mark Cartwright

The Bounty Mutiny - Sailors Seduced by the South Seas

The 1789 mutiny on the Bounty is an infamous tale of sailors being lured by the easy charms of the South Seas into casting adrift their commander and living out their days as fugitives from the Royal Navy. 'Captain' Bligh, victim of the mutiny...
Clotilda, the Last Slave Ship
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Clotilda, the Last Slave Ship - Greed, Rebellion, and Ultimate Triumph

It began with a bet in 1859 and would end in a burning in 1860, but, for the 110 African men, women, and children who had been illegally smuggled into the United States aboard the Clotilda, the flames that engulfed it were only the beginning...
The French Exploration of New Zealand
Article by Kim Martins

The French Exploration of New Zealand

The French exploration of New Zealand has been overshadowed by the achievements of British navigator Captain James Cook (1728-1779), but French navigators who visited Aotearoa's (New Zealand) shores named over 100 geographical places and...
Map of WWII North Africa Campaign, 1940-1943
Image by Simeon Netchev

Map of WWII North Africa Campaign, 1940-1943

The North Africa Campaign (1940–1943) formed a decisive theater of the World War II (1939–1945), centered on control of the strategic corridor linking the Mediterranean Sea to the Suez Canal and the Middle Eastern oil fields. The conflict...
British Matilda Tank with Captured Italian Flag
Image by Unknown Photographer

British Matilda Tank with Captured Italian Flag

A January 1941 photograph showing a British Matilda tank with a captured Italian flag and its way to Tobruk. The attack on Tobruk was part of Operation Compass (9 Dec 40 - 7 Feb 41), the Allied offensive which won several important victories...
Australian Troops after the Capture of Tobruk, 1941
Image by Frank Hurley

Australian Troops after the Capture of Tobruk, 1941

A photograph taken by Frank Hurley of members of the 6th Australian Division after the capture of Tobruk during Operation Compass (9 Dec 40 - 7 Feb 41), the Allied offensive which won several important victories against Italian forces in...
General Annibale Bergonzoli
Image by Imperial War Museums

General Annibale Bergonzoli

A photograph of General Annibale Bergonzoli (1884-1973) who commanded the 23rd Italian Corps during Operation Compass (9 Dec 40 - 7 Feb 41), the Allied offensive which won several important victories against Italian forces in North Africa...
General O'Connor & General Wavell
Image by G. Keating - Imperial War Museums

General O'Connor & General Wavell

A photograph of General Richard O'Connor (1889-1981) - on the right - and General Archibald Wavell (1883-1950), the commanders of Operation Compass (9 Dec 40 - 7 Feb 41), the Allied offensive which won several important victories against...
Map of Africa in World War II
Image by Simeon Netchev

Map of Africa in World War II

Africa became a central arena in the global struggle of the Second World War (1939–1945), where imperial rivalry, strategic geography, and colonial governance converged. Campaigns in North Africa (1940–1943) pitted Axis forces, initially...
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