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Joséphine de Beauharnais
Joséphine de Beauharnais (1763-1814) was a French noblewoman who was the first wife of Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821). She was therefore Empress of the French from 18 May 1804 until the annulment of her marriage on 10 January 1810, as well...
Definition
Great Fear
The Great Fear (French: la Grande Peur) was a wave of panic that swept the French countryside in late July and early August 1789. Fearful of plots by aristocrats to undermine the budding French Revolution (1789-1799), peasants and townspeople...
Definition
Joan I of Navarre - Queen Consort of France
Joan I of Navarre (1273-1305) served as queen of Navarre and countess of Champagne and Brie between 1274 and 1305. In 1285, she also became queen consort of France following her marriage to Philip IV of France (reign 1285-1314). Between 1289...
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Veuve Clicquot - The Champagne Queen
Innovative, a risk-taker, and utterly relentless in her will to overcome all obstacles, one woman not only matched but beat her competitors in the male-dominated champagne industry to establish the brand with the inimitable mango-orange label...
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Crown & Salamander Symbol of Francis I of France
The crown and salamander symbol used by Francis I of France (r. 1515-1547 CE). From the Château d'Amboise, France.
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Statue of Charles Martel
Statue of Charles Martel at the Château de Chambord, photograph by Babeth Étiève-Cartwright, France, 30 October, 2025. Charles Martel (r. 718-741) was the illegitimate son of Pepin II (r. 687-714), and his concubine Alpaïde, born while he...
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Tomb of Leonardo da Vinci
The tomb of Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519 CE) within the Chapel of Saint Hubert, Chateau d'Amboise, Amboise, France. The artist and inventor died at Amboise on 2nd May 1519 CE.
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Chapel of Saint Hubert, Amboise
The Gothic chapel of Saint Hubert, Chateau d'Amboise, Amboise, France. Built in 1493 CE, the chapel contains the tomb of Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519 CE).
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Gallery of the Chateaux of the Loire Valley
This gallery gives an overview of 25 stunning châteaux in the Loire Valley of France, some very well known and others that deserve to be discovered. Some of these châteaux date back as far as the 11th century and served as strongholds and...
Definition
Ark of the Covenant
The Ark of the Covenant refers to the box-like container that held the tablets of the Law received by Moses on Mount Sinai. Tradition claimed that it contained two stone tablets, carved by God, listing the first ten commandments given to...