Charles XII of Sweden: Did you mean...?

The Augsburg Confession is the affirmation of faith of the Lutheran Church written by Philip Melanchthon (l. 1497-1560) and presented at the Diet of Augsburg in June 1530. The document attempted to reconcile differences between the Lutherans...

As the Roman Empire expanded further eastward, annexing territories that were once the domain of the Parthians, the legions of Mesopotamia, Cappadocia, and Arabia were called upon to safeguard these newly acquired territories. Mesopotamia...

The War of the Fifth Coalition (1809) was a major conflict of the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815) that was fought primarily in Central Europe between the First French Empire and its client states against the Austrian Empire, supported by the...

Top part of a rune stone found at Sanda, Gotland, Sweden, dating to the Viking Age, thought to depict Odin, Thor and Freyr. The runic inscription reads: 'Rodvisl and Farbjörn and Gunbjörn' (The Swedish History Museum/Historiska Museet, Stockholm...

Sketch made by Hjalmar Stolpe, published in 1889, of the Viking Age grave found at Birka, Sweden, labelled 'Bj 581'. Buried with weapons and horses (things normally associated with warriors), this particular grave has been subject of much...

Keys were a powerful symbol of control over the household goods in Viking Scandinavia. The lady of the house, known as the "husfreyja," or "goddess of the house," would always wear the keys on her belt, even taking them with her to the grave...

Painting of Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, 1611-1632, attributed to the artist Jacob Hoefnagel. (Royal Armoury, Stockholm)

Runestone U 152 inscribed in the Younger Futhark runic script (c. 700-c. 1200 CE, in Scandinavia), found at the Hagby farm in Uppland, Sweden. It is decorated in the Urnes style. It reads "Holmfríðr had this stone raised in memory of Bjôrn...

Bjorn Ironside (also spelt Björn Ironside; Old Norse Bjǫrn Járnsíða) is a legendary Viking who in the stories surrounding him raids alongside his brothers and his father, the Viking chieftain Ragnar Lothbrok. While the legends mentioning...

Charles A. Eastman's biography of Crazy Horse (l. c. 1840-1877) is among the most significant sources on the great Sioux war chief, as Eastman drew on accounts of those who had known and fought alongside him in writing it. The work differs...