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Catherine de' Medici and Her Children, oil on canvas by the workshop of François Clouet, 1561.

Jeanne d’Albret (Joan III of Navarre, l. 1528-1572) was Queen of Navarre, daughter of Marguerite de Navarre (l. 1492-1549) and niece of King Francois I (Francis I of France, r. 1515-1547). She is best known for leading the Huguenots (French...

Portrait of the Grand Duchess Ekaterina Alekseyevna (the future Catherine the Great) around the time of her wedding, oil on canvas by Georg Christoph Grooth, 1745. Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg. Scanned by Mrlopez2681 from...

The throne of Empress Catherine II The Great (1729-1796). State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg.

Catherine II on a balcony of the Winter Palace on the 28th of June, 1762, the day of the coup, watercolour by an unknown artist based on the original painting of Joachim H. Kaestner. Late 18th or early 19th century. State Hermitage...

Catherine the Great in the guise of Minerva, marble statue by Fedot Shubin, 1789-1790. Russian Museum, St Petersburg.

Catherine de' Medici from the powerful Italian family married the future King Henry II of France at 13. When he was impaled through the eye during a joust Catherine ruled France as regent for three of her sons during civil and religious wars...

A 19th century CE illustration depicting Catherine of Valois (l. 1401 - c. 1437 CE). Catherine was the wife of Henry V of England (r. 1413-1422 CE) and mother of Henry VI of England (r. 1422-61 & 1470-71 CE). She also later married the Welsh...

St. Catherine of Siena (1347-1380), oil on canvas portrait by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, depicting St. Catherine of Siena wearing a crown of thorns, c. 1746. The Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria

Thomas Cromwell (l. c. 1485-1540 CE) served as chief minister to Henry VIII of England (r. 1509-1547 CE) from 1532 to 1540 CE. With his king and the Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer (in office 1533-55 CE), Cromwell masterminded the...