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Leo III & Constantine V
A gold solidus coin depicting Constantine V, emperor of the Byzantine empire between 741 and 775 CE (right) and Leo III (r. 685-741 CE)
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Constantine X Doukas
Constantine X Dukas. Byzantine Emperor, r. 1059-1067 CE.
Gold Histamenon (4.33 gm, 6h). Constantinople mint.
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Dying Constantine VII
A 12th century CE illustration of Byzantine emperor Constantine VII on his deathbed (r. 945-959 CE). From the Madrid Skylitzes. (National Library, Madrid)
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Roman Architecture
Roman architecture continued the legacy left by Greek architects and the established architectural orders, especially the Corinthian. The Romans were also innovators and they combined new construction techniques and materials...
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Six Great Heresies of the Middle Ages
The medieval Church established its monopoly over the spiritual life of Europeans in the Early Middle Ages (c. 476-1000) and consolidated that power throughout the High Middle Ages (1000-1300) and Late Middle...
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Inscription, Arch of Titus
The inscription from the Triumphal Arch of Titus, erected in the Roman Forum in c. 81 CE by Domitian to commemorate his brother Titus' campaigns in the Jewish War (70-71 CE). It reads: The Senate and People of Rome, to...
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Arch of Titus, Rome
The Triumphal Arch of Titus, erected in c. 81 CE by Domitian to commemorate his brother Titus' campaigns in the Jewish War (70-71 CE). Forum Romanum, Rome.
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Arch of Caracalla in Volubilis
The triumphal arch at Volubilis (Morocco) was erected sometime between December 216 and April 217 CE by the council of Volubilis in honour of the emperor Caracalla who bestowed Roman citizenship on its inhabitants...
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Temple of Solomon Treasure, Arch of Titus
A panel from the Triumphal Arch of Titus, erected in c. 81 CE by Domitian to commemorate his brother Titus' campaigns in the Jewish War (70-71 CE). The relief shows the victory procession carrying booty from...
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Victories, Arch of Titus
A detail from the Triumphal Arch of Titus, erected in c. 81 CE by Domitian to commemorate his brother Titus' campaigns in the Jewish War (70-71 CE). The top frieze is a victory procession whilst below two winged Victories...