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Ancient Syria
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ancient Syria

Syria is a country located in the Middle East on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea and bordered, from the north down to the west, by Turkey, Iraq, Jordan, Israel, and Lebanon. It is one of the oldest inhabited regions in the world with archaeological...
Historical Fiction of Mesopotamia
Collection by Joshua J. Mark

Historical Fiction of Mesopotamia

Historical fiction is frequently dated to works including the Iliad of Homer (8th century BCE) or The Tale of Genji (11th century CE) or, in English, to the 19th century, usually to the works of Sir Walter Scott, but the genre has more ancient...
Beer in the Ancient World
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Beer in the Ancient World - The Drink of the Gods - For Some

The intoxicant known in English as beer takes its name from the Latin bibere (by way of the German bier), meaning "to drink", and the Spanish word for beer, cerveza, comes from the Latin word cerevisia for "of beer", giving some indication...
Ancient India
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ancient India

India is a country in South Asia whose name comes from the Indus River. The name 'Bharata' is used as a designation for the country in their constitution referencing the ancient mythological emperor, Bharata, whose story is told, in part...
The Ancient City
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

The Ancient City

In the study of the ancient world a City is generally defined as a large populated urban center of commerce and administration with a system of laws and, usually, regulated means of sanitation. This is only one definition, however, and the...
Comparing Two Ancient Civilisations: Ancient Egypt vs. Mesopotamia
Video by Kelly Macquire

Comparing Two Ancient Civilisations: Ancient Egypt vs. Mesopotamia

In this video, we are comparing Ancient Egypt vs. Mesopotamia in all sorts of different aspects. We will be looking at the similarities and differences between the geography of the two regions, the phenomena of the flooding Nile vs. the flooding...
Script
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Script - The Written Record of Humanity

Script is the written expression of a language. Cuneiform, the first script, was invented in Sumer, Mesopotamia, circa 3600/3500 BCE; hieroglyphics sometime prior to the Early Dynastic Period in Egypt (circa 3150-2613 BCE); and Sanskrit in...
Map of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East, c. 1300 BCE
Image by Jan van der Crabben

Map of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East, c. 1300 BCE

Map of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East c. 1300 BCE, showing the period of Great Powers, with the six large kingdoms and empires (the Hittites, the Mycenaean Civilization, Assyria, Babylonia, Elam and the New Kingdom of Egypt) co-existing...
Ancient Egypt
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ancient Egypt - The Land of the Gods of Balance and Harmony

Egypt is a country in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea, and is home to one of the oldest civilizations on Earth. The name "Egypt" comes from the Greek Aegyptos, which was the Greek pronunciation of the ancient Egyptian name Hwt-Ka-Ptah...
Map of Mesopotamia, 2000-1600 BCE
Image by P L Kessler

Map of Mesopotamia, 2000-1600 BCE

A general map of Mesopotamia and its neighbouring territories which roughly covers the period from 2000-1600 BCE reveals the concentration of city states in Sumer, in the south. This is where the first true city-states arose, although...
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