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Adam Smith
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Adam Smith

Adam Smith (1723-1790) was a Scottish philosopher, economist, and leading Enlightenment figure. In The Wealth of Nations, he advocates free trade and limited interference in markets by governments, for which he is seen as the founder of liberal...
Map of the Aegean Bronze Age Civilizations, c. 3000-1100 BCE
Image by Simeon Netchev

Map of the Aegean Bronze Age Civilizations, c. 3000-1100 BCE - From Minoan Maritime Exchange to Mycenaean Dominance

The Aegean world of the Bronze Age (c. 3000–1100 BCE) was shaped by shifting centers of power, interaction, and cultural exchange, most notably between the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations. The Minoans (c. 2000–1450 BCE), based on Crete...
Map of the Late Bronze Age Collapse c. 1200 - 1150 BCE
Image by Simeon Netchev

Map of the Late Bronze Age Collapse c. 1200 - 1150 BCE

The Late Bronze Age Collapse (c. 1200–1150 BCE) marks a period of profound political and economic breakdown across the Aegean, Eastern Mediterranean, Anatolia, and Mesopotamia. Highly interconnected palace-based societies, dependent on centralized...
Benjamin Franklin
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was an American printer, writer, scientist, inventor, and diplomat, often regarded as a Founding Father of the United States. He rose to prominence as editor of The Pennsylvania Gazette and author of Poor Richard's...
Map of the Iron Age La Tène Culture c.400 BCE - c.50 CE
Image by Simeon Netchev

Map of the Iron Age La Tène Culture c.400 BCE - c.50 CE

This map illustrates the extent of the La Tène culture, a key phase of the European Iron Age that flourished from around 450 BCE until the Roman conquests in the 1st century BCE. It highlights the widespread influence of early Celtic societies...
Stone Age Tools (Modern Recreations)
Image by Jan van der Crabben

Stone Age Tools (Modern Recreations)

A collection of modern recreations of Stone Age tools. The picture above shows (from top right to bottom left): - A hatchet with a wing spar, used for felling trees - A straight hatchet for shortening smaller pieces of wood (with a piece...
Stone Age Tools Made From Antlers
Image by Jan van der Crabben

Stone Age Tools Made From Antlers

Modern recreations of Stone Age tools: knives, arrows, hatchets, axes, and daggers, made of deer antlers. Pile-Dwelling Museum in Unteruhldingen at Lake Constance, Germany.
Bronze Age Greek chariot (From the Novel
Image by Maia Kobabe

Bronze Age Greek chariot (From the Novel "The Jericho River")

An illustration by Maia Kobabe showing a Bronze Age Greek chariot. From the novel The Jericho River by David Tollen.
David Hume
Definition by Mark Cartwright

David Hume

David Hume (1711-1776) was a Scottish philosopher, writer, historian, and important figure in the Enlightenment. Hume presented a positive view of human nature but a sceptical view of religion's usefulness. His Treatise of Human Nature was...
India in the Vedic Age, 1500 BCE-500 BCE
Image by Simeon Netchev

India in the Vedic Age, 1500 BCE-500 BCE

A map illustrating the evolution of the cultures on the northern Indian subcontinent with the arrival of the Aryan nomads during the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age known as the Vedic age (c. 1500 – c. 500 BCE), when the Vedic literature...
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