Ancient & Medieval Sports

Mark Cartwright
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In this collection of resources, we examine some of the sports that thrilled ancient and medieval audiences from the fast and furious chariot races of the Circus Maximus to the colour and pageantry of medieval jousts. We look at the hockey matches of the ancient Egyptians, the Olympic Games with its multiple events which still entertain today, and the organized hunts and falconry of the Mongols. Many of these sporting events and occasions had a religious significance like the bouts of Japanese sumo wrestling, and sometimes, such as in the Mesoamerican ball game, victory could be a matter of life or death.

If there was one thing the Roman people loved it was spectacle and the opportunity of escapism offered by weird and wonderful public shows which assaulted the senses and ratcheted up the emotions. Roman rulers knew this well and so to increase their popularity and prestige with the people they put on lavish and spectacular shows in purpose-built venues across the empire.

Articles & Definitions

Games, Sports & Recreation in Ancient Egypt
Article

Games, Sports & Recreation in Ancient Egypt

Although the ancient Egyptians are often depicted as death-obsessed...
Ancient Olympic Games
Definition

Ancient Olympic Games

The ancient Olympic Games were a sporting event held every four years...
Pankration
Definition

Pankration

Pankration is an ancient martial art which mixes wrestling and boxing...
Stadium
Definition

Stadium - The Sports Field of Ancient Greece

In the ancient Greek world, the word stadium or stadion referred to...
Gymnasium
Definition

Gymnasium - The Ancient Greek Building for Sport & Study

The Gymnasium was a Greek building originally used for athletic activities...
Roman Games, Chariot Races & Spectacle
Article

Roman Games, Chariot Races & Spectacle

If there was one thing the Roman people loved it was spectacle and the...
Roman Gladiator
Definition

Roman Gladiator

A Roman gladiator was an ancient professional fighter who usually specialised...
Boxing in the Roman Empire
Article

Boxing in the Roman Empire

Boxing is one of the oldest sports in the world that is still practiced...
The Hippodrome of Constantinople
Article

The Hippodrome of Constantinople

The Hippodrome of Constantinople was an arena used for chariot racing...
Sumo
Definition

Sumo - Japan's Ancient Form of Wrestling

Sumo (Ozumo) is an ancient form of wrestling which has long been the...
Medieval Jousting
Definition

Medieval Jousting

Jousts were, from the 13th to 16th century CE, a popular part of the...
Medieval Tournament
Definition

Medieval Tournament

The medieval tournament was a forum for European knights where they...
The Ball Game of Mesoamerica
Article

The Ball Game of Mesoamerica

The sport known simply as the Ball Game was played by all the major...
The Nerge: Hunting in the Mongol Empire
Article

The Nerge: Hunting in the Mongol Empire

The peoples of the Mongol Empire (1206-1368 CE) were nomadic, and they...
Sports, Games & Entertainment in the Elizabethan Era
Article

Sports, Games & Entertainment in the Elizabethan Era

Leisure activities in the Elizabethan era (1558-1603 CE) became more...

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