Search Results: Polish lithuanian commonwealth

Prince Józef Poniatowski (1763-1813) was a Polish soldier and patriot, who served as commander-in-chief of the Polish army during the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). A steadfast ally of French Emperor Napoleon I (r. 1804-1814; 1815), Poniatowski...

The Polish-Lithuanian Republic (1569-1795) was one of the largest and most populous states in Early Modern Europe, yet in 1795, its last remnants were partitioned between Austria, Prussia, and Russia. Here we take a look at the reasons why...

Khotyn fortress is a complex of fortifications situated on the hilly right bank of the Dniester in Khotyn, Ukraine. It consists of a 13th-century stronghold and an 18th-century bastion surrounding it. It is one of the oldest preserved fortifications...

The leader of Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) ordered the invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939. Hitler's refusal to withdraw brought a declaration of war from Britain and France on 3 September, and so began the Second World War (1939-45...

The January Uprising of 1863 was a conflict between Tsarist Russia and Polish insurgents striving for independence. The uprising continued until October 1864, when it was suppressed by the Russian forces, effectively erasing the already limited...

A photograph showing Polish troops marching to battle following the German invasion of Poland in September 1939. (Imperial War Museums)

A photograph of Polish soldiers during the Siege of Tobruk (Apr-Dec 1941) in the Western Desert Campaigns in North Africa during the Second World War (1939-45). Taken in September 1941. (Imperial War Museums)

A photograph showing German troops and Polish civilians following the German invasion of Poland in September 1939. Photograph taken in the Tuchola Forest, 4 September 1939. (Imperial War Museums)

Prince Józef Poniatowski leading Polish troops during the wars of the 1790s, painting by Aleksander Orłowski, c. 1809-1813. Private collection.

The Battle, illustration in Album Grottgera by Artur Grottger, 1888. Depicted in this illustration are insurgents participating in the ill-fated January Uprising of 1863, an attempt to regain Polish independence from Tsarist Russia. National...