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Article
Herodotus: On The Customs of the Persians
Although the Greek historian Herodotus (l. c. 484-425/413 BCE) is often criticized for inaccuracy in his Histories, his frequently-anthologized On the Customs of the Persians is regarded as accurate. The passage is all the more interesting...

Definition
Geoffrey Chaucer
Geoffrey Chaucer (l. c. 1343-1400 CE) was a medieval English poet, writer, and philosopher best known for his work The Canterbury Tales, a masterpiece of world literature. The Canterbury Tales is a work of poetry featuring a group of pilgrims...

Article
The Literary Development of the Arthurian Legend
The Arthurian legend begins with the Welsh cleric Geoffrey of Monmouth (c. 1100 - c. 1155 CE). Earlier history writers such as Gildas, Bede, and Nennius had already established the existence of a British war-chief who defeated the Saxons...

Image
Quanah Parker, Comanche Chief
Quanah Parker, prominent chief of the Comanche Indians with a feather fan.
National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.

Definition
Vortigern
Vortigern was a 5th-century British ruler best known for inviting the Saxons to Britain to stop the incursions of the Picts and Scots and allowing them to take control of the land. 'Vortigern' is a title, not a given name, and means 'Great...

Definition
Merlin
Merlin (also known as Myrddin, Merlinus) is the great wizard of the Arthurian Legends best known from Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte D'Arthur (1469 CE). The character was created by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his History of the Kings of Britain...

Article
The Historical King Arthur
The legends surrounding King Arthur and his knights have charmed and intrigued people for centuries and their popularity continues in the present day. As with any famous figure, however, the question arises as to whether the legend is based...

Collection
The Fall of Civilizations
It seems that civilizations inevitably rise and fall no matter how big or small, and in this collection, we look at some of the most famous, spectacular, and mysterious collapses of cultures from the Romans to the Maya. War, famine, climate...

Collection
The Civilizations of the Near East, The People of Mesopotamia
This collection focuses on providing supplementary materials to students who want to enhance their school history studies and to teachers who want a more concise coverage of each lesson that they deliver. This chapter examines the economic...

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Funerary Plaque of Geoffrey Plantagenet
The enamel funerary plaque of Geoffrey Plantagenet (r. 1129 - 1151 CE). It depicts Geoffrey The plaque originally came from the Saint Julian of Le Mans where Geoffrey was buried. It is now in the Tessé Museum in Le Mans, France. Enamel on...