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Perfection of Wisdom
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Perfection of Wisdom

Perfection of Wisdom is the foundational text of the Mahayana Buddhist school, a kind of anthology of works, thematically linked, composed between c. 50 BCE - c. 600 CE in India by Mahayana Buddhist scribes. It is comprised of 38 sutras (defined...
Ethnicity & Identity Within the Four-Room House
Article by Dana Murray

Ethnicity & Identity Within the Four-Room House

The process of determining ethnicity is a problematic venture, even more so when interpreted through the archaeological record. Despite this issue, evidence, such as the four-room house, has been preserved that can be interpreted to represent...
Kesh Temple Hymn
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Kesh Temple Hymn

The Kesh Temple Hymn (c. 2600 BCE) is the oldest work of literature in the world, sometimes referenced as the oldest extant religious poem. It is a Sumerian praise song to the goddess Ninhursag and her temple in the city of Kesh, composed...
House of Burgesses
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

House of Burgesses

The House of Burgesses (1619-1776 CE) was the first English representative government in North America, established in July 1619 CE, for the purpose of passing laws and maintaining order in the Jamestown Colony of Virginia and the other settlements...
The Four-Room House
Definition by Dana Murray

The Four-Room House

The four-room house, also referred to as “Israelite house” and “pillared courtyard house,” emerged in the central highlands of Canaan during the late 13th -early 12th centuries BCE in response to environmental and socio-economic needs. The...
Battle of Guilford Court House
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Battle of Guilford Court House

The Battle of Guilford Court House (15 March 1781) was one of the last major engagements of the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). Fought near Greensboro, North Carolina, it was a pyrrhic victory for the British army under Lord Charles...
Sophia-Wisdom, Celsus Library, Ephesos
Image by Mark Cartwright

Sophia-Wisdom, Celsus Library, Ephesos

A detail of the facade of the Celsus Library in Ephesos (c. 117 CE). The statue represents wisdom (sophia), an attribute associated with the former proconsul Celsus to whom the building was dedicated.
India Unboxed: The Perfection of Wisdom
Video by Cambridge University

India Unboxed: The Perfection of Wisdom

Over the course of six centuries Cambridge University Library’s collection has grown from a few dozen volumes on a handful of subjects into an extraordinary accumulation of several million books, maps, manuscripts and journals. The library...
House of Bonaparte (Imperial House of France) 1804 - 1873
Image by Simeon Netchev

House of Bonaparte (Imperial House of France) 1804 - 1873 - Napoleon: Empire, Family & Power in 19th-Century

The House of Bonaparte was a short-lived but highly influential European dynasty that rose to prominence during the upheavals of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic era (c. 1796–1815) and exercised imperial authority in France between...
A Traditional Japanese House
Article by Mark Cartwright

A Traditional Japanese House

The traditional house of ancient and medieval Japan (1185-1606 CE) is one of the most distinctive contributions that country has made to world architecture. While the rich and powerful might have lived in castles and villas, and the poor...
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