Baldassare castiglione: Did you mean...?

The Battle of Castiglione (5 August 1796) was one of the most important battles of Napoleon's Italian Campaign of 1796-97. After laying siege to the vital fortress of Mantua, General Napoleon Bonaparte and his Army of Italy defeated an Austrian...

A portrait by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael (1483-1520 CE) of the diplomat, courtier and author Baldassare Castiglione. Painted c. 1515 CE. (Louvre Museum, Paris)

Raphael (1483-1520) was an Italian painter and architect who is regarded as one of the greatest of Renaissance artists alongside Michelangelo (1475-1564) and Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519). Raphael's works are celebrated for their harmonious...

A map depicting the opening positions at the Battle of Castiglione (5 August 1796) with the French in blue and the Austrians in yellow.

French General Charles-Pierre Augereau (1757-1816) leading troops at the Battle of Castiglione. Oil on canvas by Paul Émile Léon Perboyre, c. 19th century.

Battle of Castiglione, 5 August 1796, during Napoleon's Italian Campaign, oil on canvas by Victor Adam, 1836. Palace of Versailles.

In 1796, at the height of the Revolutionary Wars, Napoleon Bonaparte took command of French forces in northern Italy. He was just 26 years old and had never commanded an army before. Within weeks, he had turned his ragged, demoralised troops...

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was an Italian Renaissance artist, architect, engineer, and scientist. He is renowned for his ability to observe and capture nature, scientific phenomena, and human emotions in all media. Leonardo’s innovative...

Andrea Mantegna (c. 1431-1506 CE) was an Italian Renaissance artist most famous for his use of foreshortening and other perspective techniques in engravings, paintings, and frescoes. Another common feature of Mantegna's work is his frequent...

The game of chess has a particularly long and fascinating history of more than 1500 years. Over the centuries, there have also been hundreds of different chess variants, all of which incorporate the fundamental distinguishing feature of standard...