Images

God surrounded by seraphim, illustration from the illuminated manuscript Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry, 14th-century. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris.

Inner courtyards of Qarawiyyin University in Fez, Morocco, the oldest continuous university in the world founded in 857-859 by a Muslim woman scholar named Fatima al-Fihri (born c. 800)

Daniel in the Lions' den visited by an angel, oil on canvas by François-Alexandre Verdier, c. 1705. Museum of Fine Arts, Caen.

Many scholars, without concrete evidence, believe that Leo Africanus 1485-1554 was the inspiration behind William Shakespeare’s Othello, shown here with Desdemona in an 1849 painting by Théodore Chassériau, currently in the Louvre Museum...

Portrait of a Humanist by Sebastiano del Piombo c. 1520. The identity of the person is unknown. Dietrich Rauchenberger has suggested that the painting may depict Leo Africanus (1485-1554).

A photograph of Bernard Montgomery (1887-1976) with his son David (b. 1928). (Imperial War Museums)

A photograph of Captain Bernard Montgomery (1887-1976), on the right, during the First World War (1914-18). (Imperial War Museums)

A photograph of the interior of Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery's (1887-1976) command caravan, which was mounted on a truck and used on various campaigns during the Second World War (1939-45). (Imperial War Museums)

A 1943 photograph of Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery (1887-1976) during the Italian campaign of the Second World War (1939-45). (Imperial War Museums)

The Three Estates of pre-revolutionary France were the hierarchical social divisions that structured society under the Ancien Régime (French for "Old Regime," a term coined after the French Revolution to describe the pre-revolutionary system...