Images

This fragment depicting a royal woman undergoing a purification ritual probably represents Queen Kia from c. 1353–1336 BCE during the Amarna Period of Egypt. It is housed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

A typical European artillery emplacement of the 16th and 17th century. The artillery and its operators were protected by earth-filled wicker baskets or gabions placed in front of them. (From Le diverse et artificiose machine del capitano...

Zwingli's Death on the Battlefield of Kappel, oil on canvas painting by August Weckesser, 1854, depicting Huldrych Zwingli's death in the Kappel Wars in 1531. Bündner Kunstmuseum Chur.

Members of the Sealed Knot, a British re-enactment group of the English Civil Wars (1642-51).

A French 17th-century wheellock carbine. This type of weapon was typically used by cavalrymen, for example, during the English Civil Wars. (1642-51). This example is particularly ornate since it was possibly made for Louis XIII of France...

A typical buff coat worn by cavalry in the English Civil Wars (1642-51). The thick leather was much lighter than armour but could protect against sword slashes. (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York)

Marble relief of Dionysos, found in Naukratis, Roman Egypt (c. 1st/2nd century CE). The British Museum, London.

Greek-style pottery trefoil-mouth oinochoe jug with ribbed neck, found in Naukratis, Late Period of Ancient Egypt (c. 6th century BCE). The British Museum, London.

Pottery plate with a seated sphinx, made in Greece, 6th century BCE, found in the Sanctuary of Aphrodite, Naukratis, Egypt. The British Museum, London.

Around c. 1700 BCE, the Ancient Near East was a politically fragmented but highly interconnected region, shaped by shifting alliances, commercial networks, and emerging territorial states. This period corresponds to the Old Assyrian era and...