Images

A c. 1602 oil-on-canvas portrait of Galileo (1564-1642) by Francesco Porcia. (Royal Museums Greenwich, London)

A c. 1640 portrait of Galileo (1564-1642) by Justus Sustermans. (Royal Museums Greenwich, London)

The period from Augustus (reign 27 BCE-14 CE) to Diocletian (reign 284-305 CE) marks the consolidation and transformation of Roman imperial rule across nearly three centuries. Emerging from the collapse of the Republic, Augustus established...

A map illustrating the rise and spread of the Second-Wave Civilizations between c. 500 BCE and 200 CE, including the most notable urban settlements where civilizations flourished, transforming societies through trade, cultural exchange, and...

Sioux: Black Rock with family, painting by George Catlin, 1854. Ethnological Museum, Berlin.

Eight Sioux in Front of Tipis on the Pine Ridge Reservation, photo taken by the Northwestern Photographic Company, circa 1891. Courtesy of the National Park Service, Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, Montana.

Self-torture in a Sioux Religious Ceremony, oil on canvas by George Catlin, 1835-1837. Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington D.C.

Ceremonial pipe. The bowl is made of soft red pipestone, also known as catlinite, with a carving and tin liner. Vojta Náprstek received the pipe as a gift from the Dakota in 1856. National Museum, Prague.

French Emperor Napoleon I (r. 1804-1814; 1815) and his staff during the French campaigns of the War of the Sixth Coalition. Within months, the Napoleonic Empire would be toppled. Oil on canvas by Jean-Louis-Ernest Meissonier, 1864. Musée...

The defense of Clichy during the Battle of Paris (30-31 March 1814), one of the final actions of the War of the Sixth Coalition. Marshal Jannot de Moncey is depicted centre-frame on horseback, giving orders to the goldsmith Claude Odiot...