Images

An 1873 oil-on-canvas portrait by George Frederic Watts of John Stuart Mill (1806-1873), a major proponent of Utilitarianism. (National Portrait Gallery, London)

A bronze medal designed by Pierre Jean David d'Angers showing the profile of the English philosopher and founder of Utilitarianism, Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832). (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York)

A diagram of the Panopticon, a prison designed in 1791 by the English philosopher and founder of Utilitarianism, Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832). The prison allowed for warders to observe prisoners at all times without themselves being observed.

The embalmed body of the English philosopher and founder of Utilitarianism, Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832). University College, London.

An illustrated portrait by H.W. Pickersgill of the English philosopher and founder of Utilitarianism, Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832). (Wellcome Image Gallery)

Letter from David Forman to William Livingston describing Colonel Tye's attacks in Monmouth County, 1780. Monmouth County Historical Association.

By the late 2nd century BCE, following its victories in the Punic Wars (264–146 BCE), the Roman Republic had become the dominant power in the Mediterranean world. Roman authority extended from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa to Greece...

Artist's impression of a Roman funeral. From the video game Total War II.

Mark Antony's Oration over the Body of Caesar, oil on canvas by George Edward Robertson, c. 1894–1895. Hartlepool Museums and Heritage Service.

A painting by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris showing Thomas Jefferson (right), Benjamin Franklin (left), and John Adams drafting the U.S. Declaration of Independence in 1776. (Virginia Historical Society, Library of Congress)