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Coat of Arms of Roger I of Sicily
The heraldic symbol of Roger I of Sicily (r. 1071-1101).

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Coin of Roger I
The trifollaro was a copper coin minted in southern Italy under the Normans. Count Roger I of Sicily (reigned 1071–1101) minted both folles and trifollari at Mileto.

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The "Spring of Nations": Revolutionary Europe in 1848 - From Revolution to Reaction: Nationalism and Upheaval in Nineteenth-Century Europe
This map illustrates the sweeping republican revolts and political upheavals that erupted across Europe in 1848, a year known as the People's Spring or the Spring of Nations. Part of a broader continuum of revolutionary movements since the...

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Franz Schubert by Rieder
A c. 1825 portrait by Wilhelm August Rieder of the Austrian composer Franz Schubert (1797-1828). (Wien Museum, Vienna)

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Beethoven in 1803
An 1803 portrait by Christian Horneman of the German composer Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827). (Beethoven House, Bonn)

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Title Page of Beethoven's Third Symphony
The original title page of the Third Symphony 'Eroica' by the German composer Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827). The symphony was completed in 1803.

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Grave of Beethoven
The grave of the German composer Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) in the main cemetery of Vienna.

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Ludwig van Beethoven by Stieler
An 1820 oil-on-canvas portrait by Joseph Karl Stieler of the German composer Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827). (Beethoven House, Bonn)

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Crown of Napoleon I
The crown of Napoleon I, created for his coronation on 2 December 1804, based on the crown of Charlemagne.
Louvre, Paris.

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Napoleon I on his Imperial Throne
Emperor Napoleon I (r. 1804-1815) on his throne. Oil on canvas by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, 1806.
Musée de l'Armée, Paris.