Shiva (Siva) is one of the most important gods in Hinduism and a member of the holy trinity (trimurti) with Brahma and Vishnu. Shiva is a complex character who may represent goodness and benevolence, and he serves as the Protector. Shiva is also associated with Time, and in this capacity, he is both the destroyer and creator of all things.
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Definition
Timeline
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c. 1500 BCE - c. 500 BCEThe Vedic Period in India after a greater migration of the Indo-Aryans from Central Asia
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c. 1500 BCE - 1100 BCEThe Rig Veda written, mentioning the god Rudra (Shiva) and goddess Tara (among others) for the first time.
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c. 1500 BCE - c. 500 BCEIndian scholars of the so-called Vedic Period commit the Vedas to written form; basic tenets of Hinduism are established.
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c. 400 BCE - c. 200 CEThe Bhagavad Gita, part of the Mahabharata, is written at some point between 400 BCE and 200 CE.
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c. 770 CEThe Kailasa rock-cut temple at Ellora is completed and dedicated to Shiva.
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c. 1150 CE - c. 1200 CEThe Nataraja Temple is built at Chidambaram.