Frederick II Timeline

Frederick II is born in Jesi, Italy.

Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI, Frederick II's father, dies.

Frederick II rules over Sicily.

Constance of Sicily, Frederick II's mother, dies.

Philip of Swabia, Frederick II's uncle, rules over Germany.

Philip of Swabia was murdered.

Frederick II marries Constance of Aragon and begins consolidating his hold over Sicily.

Otto IV rules Germany.

Frederick II's first son, Henry VII, is born.

Frederick II rules over Germany.

Frederick II defeats Otto IV, with the help of Philip Augustus of France.

Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV dies.

Yolande dies giving birth to Frederick II's second son: Conrad IV.

Frederick II rules over the Holy Roman Empire.

Frederick II is crowned as the Holy Roman Emperor in Rome.

Assizes of Capua enacted to gain control over Sicily.

Assizes of Messina enacted.

Frederick II's first wife, Constance of Aragon, dies.

Frederick II establishes the University of Naples.

Frederick II rules as the king of Jerusalem.

Frederick II marries Yolande/Isabella II of Jerusalem.

Frederick II departs for a Crusade but turns back due to illness.

The Sixth Crusade is formed by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II. It achieves through diplomacy Christian control of Jerusalem.

Frederick II arrives in the Levant on the Sixth Crusade.

Frederick II's first war with the Papacy.

The Treaty of Jaffa is signed between Frederick II and al-Kamil to hand over Jerusalem to Christian rule.

Treaty of Cepranno signed between Frederick II and Pope Gregory IX.

Constitutions of Melfi.

Frederick II's son Henry VII revolts in Germany. Revolt is crushed.

Multiple Mongol armies attack western Asia, Russia, Poland, and Hungary.

Battle of Cortenuova, Frederick II defeats the Lombards.

Battle of Giglio, a decisive naval victory for the imperial fleet of Frederick II against the Genoese.

Rome barely escapes Frederick II's grasp, as Gregory IX dies and the emperor turns back.

Henry VII, King of Germany, dies.

Innocent IV excommunicates and deposes Frederick II.

Battle of Parma, imperial forces of Frederick II are routed by the Lombards.

Battle of Fossalta, imperial forces are defeated by the army of Bologna.

Frederick II dies.

Battle of Cingoli, decisive imperial victory against an invasion force sent to Sicily.