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Diogenes Laërtius: Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers
Title page from 1594 edition of Diogenes Laërtius' "Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers."

Definition
Pre-Socratic Philosophers
The Pre-Socratic Philosophers are defined as the Greek thinkers who developed independent and original schools of thought from the time of Thales of Miletus (l. c. 585 BCE) to that of Socrates of Athens (470/469-399 BCE). They are known as...

Article
The Life and Thought of Zeno of Citium in Diogenes Laertius
Zeno of Citium (c. 336 – 265 BCE) was the founder of the Stoic School of philosophy in Athens, which taught that the Logos (Universal Reason) was the greatest good in life and living in accordance with reason was the meaning of life. He was...

Collection
The Greek Philosophers
In this collection of 20 biographies of ancient Greek philosophers, we examine the thoughts and lives of some of the most important thinkers in history. We look at the pre-Socratic philosophers and the titan trio of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle...

Collection
Ancient Chinese Philosophers
The philosophers of ancient China developed diverse systems of thought, often in conflict with each other, all aiming to provide people with the means to live in harmony with themselves and others. Each philosopher understood his own teachings...

Collection
12 Key Enlightenment Philosophers
In this collection, we look at the lives, works, and ideas of the following 12 key philosophers of the Enlightenment: Thomas Hobbes René Descartes John Locke Montesquieu David Hume Jean-Jacques Rousseau Denis Diderot Adam...

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Egyptian Mummies: Exploring Ancient Lives
Photo showing display cases and video screens at the exhibition Egyptian Mummies: Exploring Ancient Lives at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts.

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Greek Philosophers
Artist's impression of ancient Greek philosophers discussing ideas. Created by Amplitude Studios for the video game Humankind.

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Aspasia Surrounded by Greek Philosophers
Aspasia Surrounded by Greek Philosophers, oil on canvas painting by Michel Corneille the Younger, 1670, Palace of Versailles.

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Four Greek Philosophers
Marble portrait heads of four Greek philosophers (Socrates, Antisthenes of Athens, Chrysippus, and Epicurus), Roman copies after Hellenistic originals.
The British Museum, London.