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Martyrdom of Saints Cosmas and Damian
Image by Antonio Balestra

Martyrdom of Saints Cosmas and Damian

Martyrdom of Saints Cosmas and Damian, oil on canvas painting by Antonio Balestra, 1718. Abbey of Santa Giustina, Padua.
A Monk Tasting Wine
Image by Unknown Artist

A Monk Tasting Wine

A 13th century CE illuminated manuscript showing a monk tasting wine as he draws off a jug from a barrel. ('Li Livres dou Santé', British Library, London)
Monk Working in Scriptorium
Image by Unknown

Monk Working in Scriptorium

Depiction of a monk at work copying a text by hand in a writing room known as a scriptorium. From the 5th to the 13th century CE monasteries were the sole producers of books. The scriptorium was a large room with wooden chairs and writing...
Mavia's Revolt & the Christian Question
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Mavia's Revolt & the Christian Question

In 378 CE the Tanukhid queen Mavia (r. c. 375 - c. 425 CE) of the Saracens led a successful revolt against the Roman Empire, pitting her forces against the armies under the emperor Valens (364-378 CE). Launching her insurrection from the...
Interview: Medieval Christian Art in the Levant
Article by James Blake Wiener

Interview: Medieval Christian Art in the Levant

Medievalists retain misconceptions and myths about Oriental Christians. Indeed, the fact that the Middle East is the birthplace of Christianity is an afterthought for many. During the Middle Ages, Christians from different creeds and confessions...
Christian Antisemitism in the Middle Ages & during the Reformation
Article by Rebecca Denova

Christian Antisemitism in the Middle Ages & during the Reformation

Antisemitism is a modern term that describes prejudice and hostility to Jews and Judaism. The origins of Christian antisemitism in the gospels are based on the story of a 1st-century itinerant Jewish preacher, Jesus of Nazareth, in the Roman...
Bust of a Philosopher or Monk from Gedikpaşa
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Bust of a Philosopher or Monk from Gedikpaşa

This marble bust depicts either a philosopher or a monk. Late 4th to early 5th century CE. From Gedikpaşa, Fatih, Istanbul, in modern-day Turkey. (Museum of Archaeology, Istanbul, Turley).
The Christian Concept of Human Sexuality as Sin
Article by Rebecca Denova

The Christian Concept of Human Sexuality as Sin

In the ancient world, human sexuality was crucial for the survival of the tribe and clan as well as pleasurable, a gift from the gods. Thousands of native cults emphasized fertility through rituals and prayers, and ancient gods were depicted...
Origins of Christian Antisemitism in the Gospels
Article by Rebecca Denova

Origins of Christian Antisemitism in the Gospels

Antisemitism is a modern term that describes prejudice and hostility to Jews and Judaism. The term is derived from the later social scientific categorization of the subfamily of the Afro-Asiatic languages of Hebrew, Aramaic, Arabic, and Amharic...
Christian Celibate Martyrs
Article by Rebecca Denova

Christian Celibate Martyrs

Martyrologies, a unique genre of Christian literature, appeared from the 2nd century CE. A martyrology tells the story of the suffering and ordeals of a Christian martyr and details their trial and execution. A shared element of martyrologies...
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