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Philip the Arab
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Philip the Arab

Philip the Arab ruled as emperor of the Roman Empire briefly from 244 CE to 249 CE. In 244 CE Roman emperor Gordian III responded to an uprising in the eastern provinces instigated by the Persian king Shapur. Under the superb leadership of...
Kahina
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Kahina

Kahina (7th century CE) was a Berber (Imazighen) warrior-queen and seer who led her people against the Arab Invasion of North Africa in the 7th century CE. She is also known as al-Kahina, Dihya al-Kahina, Dahlia, Daya, and Dahia-al-Kahina...
Hallstatt Culture
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Hallstatt Culture

The Hallstatt culture is named after the site of that name in Austria and it flourished in central Europe from the 8th to 6th century BCE. The full period of its presence extends from c. 1200 to c. 450 BCE - from the Late Bronze Age to the...
La Tène Culture
Definition by Mark Cartwright

La Tène Culture

The La Tène culture (c. 450 - c. 50 BCE) is named after the site of that name on the northern shores of Lake Neuchâtel in Switzerland. It replaced the earlier Hallstatt culture (c. 1200 - c. 450 BCE) as the dominant culture of central Europe...
Salado Culture
Definition by James Blake Wiener

Salado Culture

The Salado culture is a term used by historians and archaeologists to describe a pre-Columbian Southwestern culture that flourished from c. 1200-1450 CE in the Tonto Basin of what is now the southern parts of the present-day US states of...
Votive Head Mace of La-arab, King of Gutium
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Votive Head Mace of La-arab, King of Gutium

This partially mutilated head mace was inscribed with an Akkadian cuneiform script, which mentions that this stone head mace is a votive offering dedicated by La-arab, king of Gutium. Although they left little evidence of their rule, it appears...
Roman Coin of Philip the Arab
Image by Christopher Willis

Roman Coin of Philip the Arab

A Roman Antoninianus coin from the reign of Marcus Julius Philipus, otherwise known as Philip the Arab, r. 244-249 CE.
Arab Room Tiles, Sintra Palace
Image by Alvesgaspar

Arab Room Tiles, Sintra Palace

Islamic ceramic tiles in the Arab Room in the Sintra palace (Palácio Nacional de Sintra), Portugal. King Manuel I of Portugal (r.1495-1521 CE) imported azulejos (glazed ceramic tiles) from the Alhambra palace in Granada, Spain to decorate...
Roman Emperor Philip the Arab
Image by Carole Raddato

Roman Emperor Philip the Arab

Marble head of Roman Emperor Philip the Arab, from Rome, 244-249 CE. (Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen)
Villanovan Culture
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Villanovan Culture

The Villanovan culture flourished during the Iron Age in central Italy from c. 1000 to c. 750 BCE. It was a precursor of the Etruscan civilization, although the two populations are actually the same and the term Villanovan should not imply...
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