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Copper in Antiquity
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Copper in Antiquity

Copper was probably the first metal used by ancient cultures, and the oldest artefacts made with it date to the Neolithic period. The shiny red-brown metal was used for jewellery, tools, sculpture, bells, vessels, lamps, amulets, and death...
Orichalcum
Definition by Liana Miate

Orichalcum

Orichalcum ("mountain copper") or aurichalcum ("gold copper") was a metal used in coins during ancient times. Orichalcum was a golden-yellow coloured mixture consisting of both copper and zinc and referred to as brass. The Romans were the...
Copper 'Oxhide' Ingot, Uluburun Shipwreck
Image by Martin Bahman

Copper 'Oxhide' Ingot, Uluburun Shipwreck

A copper "oxhide" ingot from the Bronze Age Uluburun shipwreck, 1330-1300 BCE. The ship sank off the coast of Lycia and contained, amongst other cargo, ten tons of copper ingots. (Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology, Turkey)
Complaint about Delivery of the Wrong Grade of Copper
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Complaint about Delivery of the Wrong Grade of Copper

This clay tablet was a letter from a person named Nanni to another one, Ea-nasir. The former complained that the wrong grade of copper ore has been delivered after a gulf (modern-day Arabic/Persian Gulf) voyage and that there was a misdirection...
Copper Coin of the East India Company
Image by Billjones94

Copper Coin of the East India Company

A copper coin minted by the British East India Company (EIC). From Bombay, 1821.
Copper Follis of Anastasios I
Image by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.

Copper Follis of Anastasios I

A Byzantine copper coin, the follis, from the reign of Anastasios I, 491-518 CE. (Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. http://www.cngcoins.com)
Copper Curency Ingot, Luba Kingdom
Image by The British Museum

Copper Curency Ingot, Luba Kingdom

A copper cross used as a currency by such central African states as the Kingdom of Luba (15-19th century CE). Height: 19.5 cm. (British Museum, London)
Copper Coin Depicting Roma
Image by Trustees of the British Museum

Copper Coin Depicting Roma

A copper coin depicting the goddess Roma, a personification of Rome, or the war goddess Bellona on the obverse. On the reverse, the prow of a ship and the title "ROMA". Minted in Rome c. 217-215 BCE. (British Museum)
Copper Coin of Dioscurias, Colchis
Image by geonumismatics.tsu.ge

Copper Coin of Dioscurias, Colchis

Copper. The weight range: chalkos e.g. – 1,3-3,1 gr., dichalkon e.g. – 3,7-5 gr., tetrachalkon e.g. – 6,1 gr. d≈14 mm. Obverse: Caps of Dioscuri, surmounted by six, or eight-pointed stars. Reverse: Thyrsos of Dionysus, i.e. of Mithridates...
Copper Coins Struck in Vani (Colchis)
Image by geonumismatics.tsu.ge

Copper Coins Struck in Vani (Colchis)

Copper. The weights range: hemichalkon – 0,8 gr.-1,1 gr., chalkos – 1,2 gr.-2,1 gr. d=12-13/14-15 mm. for hemichalkon, d=11/13-16 mm. for chalkos. Obverse: Stylized effigy of lotus – Isis’ decoration. Reverse: Eight-pointed star...
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