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Definition
Béla Bartók
Béla Bartók (1881-1945) was an innovative Hungarian pianist and composer most famous for his classical works for piano and orchestra, string quartets, and songs, many of which present traditional Hungarian and other European folk themes...

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Béla Bartók
A 1940s photograph of the Hungarian composer Béla Bartók (1881-1945).

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Béla Bartók, 1927
A 1927 photograph of the Hungarian composer Béla Bartók (1881-1945).

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Béla Bartók, 1903
A 1903 photograph of the Hungarian composer Béla Bartók (1881-1945).

Video
Bartok: Concerto for Orchestra
Béla Bartók: Concerto for Orchestra I. Introduzione. Andante non troppo – Allegro vivace 00:00 II. Giuoco delle coppie. Allegro scherzando 10:37 ∙ III. Elegia. Andante non troppo 17:16 ∙ IV. Intermezzo interrotto. Allegretto 24:53...

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The Mongols Pursue King Bela IV
Mongol warriors pursue Bela IV, king of Hungary (r. 1235-1270 CE). A 19th century CE reporduction of an original illustration in the Chronicum Pictum, 1368 CE. (Széchényi National Library, Budapest)

Article
The Mongol Invasion of Europe
The Mongol invasions of Russia and Eastern Europe occurred first with a brief sortie in 1223 CE and then again in a much larger campaign between 1237 CE and 1242 CE. The Mongols, seemingly coming from nowhere and quickly gaining a reputation...

Definition
Johannes Brahms
Johannes Brahms (1833-1897) was a German composer of Romantic music best known for his symphonies, songs, and orchestral, chamber, and piano music. A great student of the history of music, Brahms was convinced that only by working within...

Definition
Claude Debussy
Claude Debussy (1862-1918) was a French composer most famous for his piano and orchestral music. Works like Clair de Lune have become piano standards while La Mer, with its unusual use of instruments and impressionistic use of waves of sounds...

Definition
Jean Sibelius
Jean Sibelius (1865-1957) was a Finnish composer famous for his symphonies, the symphonic poem Finlandia, and the Karelia Suite. Although Sibelius inspired a music revival in his native country, became a figurehead for the Finnish nationalist...