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Hadrian's Wall at Cuddy’s Crags
A view of Hadrian's Wall at Cuddy's Crags, looking east along the wall, half a mile west of Housesteads Roman Fort.
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City Wall, Empuries
A section of the Roman city-wall of Empuries (Emporiae), Spain. 1st century BCE. The base of the wall was made using calcareous rock while the upper portion is of Roman concrete (opus caementicium).
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Hadrian's Wall, Milecastle 39
The remains of Milecastle 39 on Hadrian's Wall near Steel Rigg. Each milecastle on Hadrian's Wall had two associated turret structures. These turrets were positioned approximately one-third and two-thirds of a Roman mile to the west of the...
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Hadrian's Wall, Milecastle 42 (Cawfields)
The Cawfields Milecastle (42) was one of the 81 milecastles along the length of Hadrian's Wall. These guardposts (or fortlets) were built at intervals of one Roman mile to control movement across the Wall. This milecastle at Cawfields clings...
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Hadrian's Wall, Sycamore Gap
Sycamore Gap on Hadrian's Wall is a section of the wall between two crests just east of Milecastle 39. It is locally known as the "Robin Hood Tree" for its use in the 1991 film Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991).
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Hadrian's Wall at Thorny Doors
A stretch of Hadrian's Wall known as Thorny Doors, east of Milecastle 42 (Cawfields). At Thorny Doors stands one of the highest sections of surviving original wall.
Definition
Hadrian
Hadrian (l. 78-138 CE) was emperor of Rome (r. 117-138 CE) and is recognized as the third of the Five Good Emperors (Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius) who ruled justly. His reign marked the height of the Roman Empire...
Article
Fortifications in Ancient Chinese Warfare
While ancient Chinese warfare was often characterised by large armies in pitched battles, siege warfare and the sacking of cities were also regular features. Huge earth walls with towers and encircling ditches or moats became the normal strategy...
Video
The Birthplace of Western Philosophy - History of Ionia
Did you know that ancient Ionia was the birthplace of Western philosophy and science? This video is all about the fascinating region of ancient Ionia, the birthplace of Western philosophy, science, the Ionic Order of architecture, and the...
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German Atlantic Wall Defences
A photograph taken in March 1944 showing a gun emplacement, part of Nazi Germany's Atlantic Wall defences along the coastline of occupied northern Europe. The defences were built in preparation for the Allied landings which came on D-Day...