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Dead Sea Scrolls
Definition by Justin King

Dead Sea Scrolls

The Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS) are a collection of scrolls found in the desert east of Jerusalem on the shore of the Dead Sea. They represent the largest manuscript collections of texts from the Second Temple Period found in the area of Judah...
Goddess Phiale from Ancient Georgia
Image by James Blake Wiener

Goddess Phiale from Ancient Georgia

This phiale comes from the Armaziskhevi archaeological site in Georgia and dates from the 2nd century CE. The medallion of the phiale features a goddess — Fortuna or Amalthea — with cornucopia. Separate parts of the relief are gilt. The creator...
The Vale Four Gospels from Georgia
Image by James Blake Wiener

The Vale Four Gospels from Georgia

This is a festive and richly illuminated codex-type manuscript made of Persian and Italian watermarked paper. Written (or copied) in the Georgia Nuskhuri script by Zosime from Vale at Samtskhe Atabegs court scriptorium around 1514 CE, this...
Painted Icon of St. Nino of Georgia
Image by James Blake Wiener

Painted Icon of St. Nino of Georgia

This painted icon from the Church of the Dormition of the Virgin (or Davit Aghmashenebeli Church) at Shiomghvime Monastery is dated to the Middle Ages or as late as the 17th century CE. The icon rendered in Byzantine style features Nino depicted...
Byzantine Fortress of Archaeopolis (Nokalakevi), Georgia
Image by Carole Raddato

Byzantine Fortress of Archaeopolis (Nokalakevi), Georgia

Archaeopolis is a Byzantine city-fortress in ancient Lazica (Colchis) in modern-day western Georgia commanding the junction of the River Tekhuri and a strategic route to the north. Archaeopolis played a pivotal part in the 6th-century CE...
Ancient Clay Vessel from Georgia
Image by James Blake Wiener

Ancient Clay Vessel from Georgia

This very large clay vessel was unearthed in Zhinvali, Georgia and dates from the first half of the 3rd millennium BCE. (Georgian National Museum, Tbilisi)
View of the Caucasus Mountains in Svaneti, Georgia
Image by Carole Raddato

View of the Caucasus Mountains in Svaneti, Georgia

Svaneti is a historic province in the northwestern part of Georgia on the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus Mountains. The region has a high content of gold in its rocks and river alluvium, which may have been the source of gold for...
Byzantine Fortress of Petra Justiniana, Georgia
Image by Carole Raddato

Byzantine Fortress of Petra Justiniana, Georgia

The interior of the Byzantine fortress of Petra Justiniana on the Black Sea in modern-day Georgia near Batumi. As the name suggests, it was built by Emperor Justinian I in 535 CE. The interior of the fortress includes the ruins of a Byzantine...
Mount Kazbeg in the Caucasus Mountains, Georgia
Image by Carole Raddato

Mount Kazbeg in the Caucasus Mountains, Georgia

View of the 14th-century Gergeti Trinity Church with Mount Kazbek (or Mount Kazbegi) in the background. Mount Kazbek is associated in Georgian folklore with the mighty hero Amirani, the Georgian version of Prometheus, who was chained on the...
Trialeti Chalice from Georgia
Image by Carole Raddato

Trialeti Chalice from Georgia

The Trialeti Chalice, a silver cup from Trialeti, made by people who belonged to the ancient Trialeti-Vanadzor culture, 18th or 17th centuries BCE. The cup is decorated with two processional friezes. The upper frieze shows a procession of...
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